ECHO PATHOLOGY QUIZZES

Which of the following is a classic finding of mitral stenosis?

Leaflet doming

The heart responds to an increased preload by an increase in:

Contractility

Which Mitral Valve leaflets are seen in SAX?

Anterior & Posterior

Blood flow through the lungs is increasingly harder when ___________is elevated?

Pressure

In the chamber that is ________ to the stenotic valve, the blood backs up, drives the pressure up, and creates a pressure overload pattern.

Proximal

Secondary findings in mitral stenosis can be:

Left atrial enlargement and signs of pulmonary hypertension

What pathology is seen on this video clip

mitral valve stenosis

Which Mitral Valve leaflets are seen in SAX?

Anterior & Posterior

The_________ assumes that the rate at which the gradient drops during diastole corresponds to the severity of mitral stenosis.

PHT method

The E-wave peak velocity _________ .

Represents the early diastolic LA-LV pressure gradient

In PLAX when do you measure the LVOT diameter?

Mid Systole

 What is the most common cause of mitral stenosis?

Rheumatic heart disease

When is end diastole captured?

Left ventricle at largest dimension

What procedure is this referring to?

mitral clip, mitraclip

When is end diastole captured?

Left ventricle at largest dimension

Mean pressure gradient averages the instantaneous gradient across the open valve and is acquired via planimetry of the entire Doppler waveform.

True

What is the most common Doppler method utilized to calculate the mitral valve area?

Pressure ½ time method

Identify the Doppler calculation used to determine mitral stenosis severity

Pressure half-time

In the PLAX, one can differentiate between the coronary sinus and descending aorta because the coronary sinus is seen within the _______; whereas the aorta is a separate structure posterior to the left atrium.

Myocardium

Complications of mitral stenosis include ____________.

Increased left atrial pressure

______________ of the valve leaflets is caused by a combination of the pressure pushing on the undersurface of the leaflets and commissural fusion.

Doming

In LAX when do you measure the AO Root, and the Sinotubular junction?

End Diastole

Estimation of the mitral valve area from Doppler is calculated by the:

Pressure half-time

Atrial fibrillation is most commonly associated with which valvular disease?

Rheumatic mitral stenosis

An absent “a” wave combined with mid-systolic closure of the pulmonic valve are seen in the presence of ______.

Pulmonary hypertension

Which of the following valves is least likely to be affected in patients with rheumatic heart disease?

Pulmonic

Identify the murmur associated with mitral stenosis

Low pitched, diastolic rumble with an opening snap

I?

TV

J?

PV

N?

SAX PM / MID

O?

LV APEX

G?

LAX LV

H?

AOV NCC

K?

SAX BASE RV

M?

AOV LCC

L?

IAS

Planimetry of the Doppler waveform calculates the mean pressure gradient.

True

When the heart has to compensate for increased afterload, the result is ___________ of the ventricular walls because the heart has to work harder to eject the blood.

Hypertrophy

Echo findings of mitral stenosis include ____________ .

LA spontaneous echo contrast

Identify a potential treatment option from mitral stenosis

All of these can be potential treatment options

________ is measured by planimetry in the short-axis view during the maximum opening in mid-diastole.

MVA

Left ventricular measurements should be obtained from the parasternal long axis view at the level of which of the following?

Tips of the mitral valve leaflets

________________ is a treatment option for mitral stenosis.

All of the above