Unit 1 & 2 AP World History

Champa Rice

2 seasons, china innovation, crop & population increase & surplus, Song dynasty. rice originated in champa vietnam that was drought resistant, harvestable 2/year double agriculture output

Artisans

specialized workers who create materials by hand

Scholar gentry

higher class people of that of knowledge, passed down through generations, given seat in court, specialized, education, song dynasty, helped with decisions and knowledge, highly valued at time of confucianisms,

Filial piety

confucius morals about respect, love, and car for parents and elders

Grand Canal

yui dynasty in china,

Imperial Bureaucracy

governmental entity that carries out the will of the emperor, made up of governors to maintain rule

Meritocracy

social mobility, elected officials

Woodblock Printing

in china, images imprinted on wood,

Foot Binding

the feet of young women whose feet were bound to shrink feet, lead to inability to work or do labor, which for elites signifies wealth

Buddhism

rejection of hinduism caste system and vedas(deities), ended the cycle of reincarnation through nirvana, started in India and was non

Theravada Buddhism:

meditation, simplicity, nirvana as rejection of consciousness and self. Related to monks(monkeys), teaching available to only a few

Mahayana Buddhism

more complex but with greater spread Buddhist teaching available to all, compassion. :great ritual, spiritual comfort

Tibetan Buddhism

mystical practices, elaborate deities,

Syncretic

Similar/same time/process

Chan (Zen) Buddhism

chinese distinction of Buddhism, Japan

Heian Period

Japan's golden age, classical culture, literature & art, cut off from china

Nuclear Families

unites of parents and their children, smallest unit, industrialization, shift to nuclear family structures

Polygyny

the obtaining of men to more than 2 wives

Mamluk Sultunate

saladan enslaved persons that seized power, turkic state

Seljuk Turks

nomadic pastoralists from central asia brought in military force from abbasids, gained political power.

Sultan

the divine ruler

Abbasid Caliphate

Dar al islam

Mamluks

prior enslaved soldiers(turkic descent) were trained as elite warriors in the islamic world, abbasid caliphate, repelled invasions of mongols & crusaders

Muhammad

Last prophet in the line of biblical prophets, encounter with allah and created the quran on duty to allah, followed by muslims in medina and damascus, jijra from migration

Sufis

muslim missionaries, sufism emphasized mystical experience, available to anyone

House of Wisdom

developed in Baghdad, massive & famous library, attracted scholars to study religion and sciences. Scholars were in charge of preserving great works of Greek moral and natural philosophy, translated and commented on them. Transferred to Europe

Vijayanagara Empire (Southern India)

Hindu kingdom founded in south Asia, 14th century. Hindu emissaries undercover as muslim who then established rival hindu empire

Rajput kingdoms (North India)

collection of rival and warring hindu kingdoms that existed before muslim rule in india, ind. Hindu states

Delhi Sultanate

south asia, turks,north india, sunni Islam, elected

Majapahit Kingdom (Java)

hindu kingdom with hindu influences, power through tributary(reality that the majipaji had biggest power of region and extended control over other states by acquiring tribute or gifts) system among states in region

Khmer Empire (Cambodia)

hindu empire, home to angkor what to represent entire hindu universe, rulers converted to buddhisms and added monuments into building, the blending of religions was called syncretism

Proselytize

attempt to promote/ convert someone from one religion to another

Bhakti Movement

encouraged believers to worship one particular god in hindu pantheon of Gods, under hinduism, rejected hierarchy of Hinduism, encouraged spiritual experiences to all people regardless of social statues

Mississippian

complex hierarchical society in north america based on maize agriculture & extensive trade networks

Matrilineal Society

mothers ancestry determined line, inheritance, lineage, and class

Mound Building

construction or mounds for ceremonial, burial, and religious purposes, platforms for significant structures

Cahokia

urban center for trade, economy, political & social organization, mounds, Mississippian cultures

Mexica

mexicas name for aztecs, in the mexicas(central) known for growing beans, squash, etc.

Theocracy

system based on spiritual beliefs relating a god, preist

Human Sacrifice

believed that son was a deity and was losing energy in a struggle of darkness, required sacrifice of human blood, used in incan empire

Pachacuti

ruler who expanded through military into south america, machu picchu, inca,

Incan Empire

centralized empire under pachacuti in cuzco peru, extended from ecuador to chile, had 4 provinces and temples, farming, quipu,

Mit’a System

tax system under the Incan empire that involved mandatory labor system for all people under incan rule

Carpa Nan

25k miles of roads, runner could run 150 miles per day, highway system

Temple of the Sun

machu picchu in peru

Animism

religious belief of spiritual connection to animals and specific locations

Swahili

language that blends bantu & arabic, formed by constant day to day communication and interaction through trade in indian ocean between east africans and arabian mariners

Zanj Rebellion

in southern mesopotamia, against abbasid caliphate slavery system, lead my ali bin muhammad

Indian Ocean trade

from east africa to SE asia, use of sails, monsoon winds, etc, traded coral, iron, slaves, silk, porcelain, spices, etc.

Great Zimbabwe

South east Africa,dwelling of chief, centralized, controlled some indian ocean trade

Hausa Kingdoms

in Africa,

Ghana

capital in west Africa, first kingdom, lead by ghana

Mali

west african empire, gold, camels, timbuktu, sundiata, mansa musa, islamic, tax, soon slaves, tribute,

Ethiopia

muslim populated, isolated, north east africa, home to st augustine and axum which dwelled christians

Magna Carta

document forced upon king john that reinstated the nobles, laid foundation for parliament, England's path to state hood

English Parliament

legislative, from king to powerful institution representing groups, nobles(house of lords), and commoners(house of commons)

Manorial System

tribute to china, manors; servant labored lands

Feudalism

hierarchical social systems of middle ages, 4 levels in structure with king on top, women couldn't own land, Japan & Europe(France, England, Holy Roman empire)

Serfs

peasants on same level in hierarchy, on bottom, worked in land, limited rights, skilled in trade which helped break out of feudal mode as global trade increased

Primenture

system of inheritance were first born oldest son get majority of property, youngest sons work in military or gov

Bourgeoisie

new middle class, shopkeepers, merchants, craftspeople, & small landowners

Burghers

3rd in the 3 estates,

Estate (France)

ancient regimes hierarchical social system before french revolution, three social classes, lead to three estates

Otto I

founded ottoman empire, was mongol

Crusades/crusaders

christian lead, killed muslims, re obtain holy land, lead to integration of europe into dar al islam. european soldiers, diverse, goal to get back when was stolen in attempt to establish

Marco Polo

famous traveler, diplomatic missions by kubalai khan in china, influenced many venetians, muslim, traveled across silk roads

Renaissance

period of literature, art, music, etc. growth and development of culture

Humanism

the growth potential of humans, renissanse

Lay Investiture Controversy

installation of religious authorities by non

Great Schism

permanent split of Western roman catholic church with pope, no marriage, from eastern orthodox church of byzantine with emperor/king on top, bible, allowed marriage, latin, against idols

Antisemitism

against jews, saw lending money to jews as a sin

Little Ice Age

about 500 years of freezing climate, ruined crops, irrigation, lead to vacuum,

Magnetic Compass

during tang or song dynasty in China, allowed for maritime travel and trade by navigating sails, Guided travelers throughout south asian and chinese ocean

Rudder

steering device, improves control & navigation, behind ship, mechanical, china

Junk (ship)

created by song, massive trade ships. Water type bulkheads and stern

Mongol Empire

empire lead by chinggis khan, expanded throughout most of Eurasia at its hight, strong military & conquest, valued loyalty & military skills, used horses to travel, originated in the steppe of central asia

Kashgar

Oasis city in West China that served as cross road/hub  with silk roads and trading center

Samarkand

capital city in n china, part of mongol empire, yuan dynasty, under timur

Caravanserai

stops along silk trade routes for merchants to stop and provide protection for them, mongol rule,

Money Economy

coins and paper made money to trade

Flying Cash

from tang dynasty, allowed for carry of other materials along land, bill of exchange,

Paper Money

originated from the tang dynasty, used throughout eurasia, failed,

Banking Houses

reserved for exchange of money

Bill of Exchange

in europe, inspired by chinese paper money, banks,

Hanseatic League

alliance of france, spain, and

Mongols

nomadic tribes in steppas of east central asia who gained control of land through conquest and alliance of tribes, mongol empire, lead by chinggus khan. turkish envoys

Khan

main leader of turkish nomads turkish clans

Kuriltai

political & military council or “great assembly” of ancient mongol & turkic chiefs & khans

Genghis Khan

Mongol leader who helped bring unity and create mongol empire

Khenates

lead by ilkhan Ghazan in

Pax Mongolica

period of peace during mongol rule, trade & exchanged prospered

Golden Horde

hegernuny authority, mongol army, in russia, adopted and took tribute, above black sea

Moscow

historic & political center of Russia, unify region, break from mongol rule, become capital os tsardom of reissue before petersburg

Hulegu

mongol rules, ghengis khan grandson, conquest of Baghdad, along silk road, founder of ilkhante of persia

Kublai Khan

Mongol conqueror of china during mongol empire, established yuan dynasty, escendent of chingis khan

Yuan Dynasty

replacement of song dynasty, lead by khublai Khan

Zhu Yuanzhang

founder of yuan dynasty in china, mongol, after song, general

Ming Dynasty

china, after mongol weakened, lead by hanzwu, eunuchs & mandarins, rebuilt confucius teachings,

Gobi Desert

cold desert in N china & S mongolia, barrier & trade route along silk road

Siege Weapons

arrows, bows, canons, guns,