🌫️ Fermentation (Anaerobic Pathway – in the cytosol)

8th Grade Biology 1

Fermentation

Anaerobic process that allows cells to make ATP without oxygen by regenerating NAD⁺

Purpose of Fermentation

To regenerate NAD⁺ so glycolysis can continue producing ATP

ATP Yield from Fermentation

2 ATP per glucose (from glycolysis only)

Lactic Acid Fermentation

Type of fermentation in muscle cells and some bacteria; produces lactic acid and NAD⁺

Alcohol Fermentation

Type of fermentation in yeast; produces ethanol, CO₂, and NAD⁺

NAD⁺

Electron carrier regenerated during fermentation to keep glycolysis running

Anaerobic

Describes processes that occur without oxygen

Lactic Acid

Product of fermentation in muscle cells; can cause soreness

Ethanol

Alcohol produced by yeast during fermentation

CO₂ (Carbon Dioxide)

Gas released during alcohol fermentation; makes bread rise

Yeast

Microorganism that performs alcohol fermentation

Muscle Cells

Perform lactic acid fermentation when oxygen is low

Fermentation vs. Aerobic Respiration

Fermentation makes much less ATP than aerobic respiration (2 vs. ~32 ATP)