Unit 4 Skeletal System

cartilage

Latin gristle

Chiropractic

diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mechanical disorders of the musculoskeletal system

Detoxification

removing poison from a tissue or substance

Orthopedic

correction and cure of deformities and diseases of the musculoskeletal system

articulate

two separate bones have formed a joint

articulation

a joint

bursa

closed sac containing synovial fluid

cortex

outer portion of an organ

diaphysis

the shaft of a long bone

epiphysis

expanded area at proximal and distal ends of a long bone to increase surface area

epiphysial plate

layer of cartilage between epiphysis and metaphysis when bone growth occurs

hyaline

cartilage at the end of bones that form joints

marrow

fatty, blood forming tissue in cavities of long bones

medulla

central portion of a structure surrounded by a cortex

periosteum

strong membrane surrounding a bone

cervical

pertaining to neck region

intervertebral

located between two vertebrae

ethmoid

bone that forms the back of the nose and encloses numerous air cells

sphenoid

wedge shaped bone at the base of the skull

Acromion

lateral end of the scapula, extending over the shoulder joint, attaches to clavicle

carpal

pertaining to the wrist

capitulum

small head or rounded extremity of a bone

eponym

procedure or diagnosis with a name derived from the name of the person who discovered it

olecranon

proximal prominence of ulna

metacarpophalangeal

joints between metacarpal bones and phalanges

phalanx

one of the bones of the digits

trochlea

distal end of humerus near to the medial epicondyle

capitulum

distal end of humerus, near to lateral epicondyle

acetabulum

ball and socket joint of hip

ilium

top curved part of pelvis

ischium

posterior lower part of pelvis

pubis

anterior lower part of pelvis

calcaneus

bone of the tarsus that forms the heel

talus

tarsal bone that articulates with the tibia to form ankle joint

achondroplasia

condition with abnormal early conversion of cartilage into bone- dwarfism

osteogenesis or imperfecta

condition in which bone formation is incomplete, leading to fragile bones

osteomalacia

soft, flexible bones lacking in calcium - rickets

osteomyelitis

inflammation of bone and bone marrow

osteopenia

decreased calcification of bone

rickets

disease due to vitamin D deficiency, producing soft, flexible bones

sarcoma

malignant tumor originating in connective tissue

chondrosarcoma

malignant tumor originating in cartilage cells

Ewing sarcoma

malignant neoplasm in bones of the extremities before the age of 20

osteogenic sarcoma

malignant tumor originating in bone-producing cells

callus

bony tissue that forms at fracture site early in healing

cancellous

bone that has a spongy or lattice-like structure

comminuted

a fracture in which bone is broken into pieces

hematoma

collection of blood that has escaped from blood vessels into tissue

osteoblast

blood forming cell

pathologic

fracture occurring at a site already weakened by a disease

kyphosis

posterior curve of the thoracic spine that can be exaggerated (hunchback)

lordosis

exaggerated forward curvature of the lumbar spine (swayback)

scoliosis

abnormal lateral curvature of the vertebral column

arthritis

inflammation of a joint or joints

bursitis

inflammation of a bursa

Colles fracture

fracture of the distal radius at the wrist

Heberden node

bony lump on the terminal phalanx of the fingers in osteoarthritis

nodule

small node or knotlike swelling

osteoarthritis

chronic inflammatory disease of the joints with pain and loss of function

rhenumatism

pain in various parts of the musculoskeletal system

subluxation

an incomplete dislocation when some contact between joint surfaces remains

diastis

separation of normally joined parts

hallux valgus

deviation of the big toe toward the medial side of the foot

necrosis

pathologic death of cells or tissue

podiatry

diagnosis and treatment of disorders and injuries of the foot

Pott fracture

fracture of the lower end of the fibula

rupture

break or tear of any body part

strain

overstretch or tear in a muscle or tendon

tendinitis

inflammation of a tendon