Types of Joints and Bone Structure

These flashcards cover key concepts related to types of joints, bone structure, and bone growth, as outlined in the lecture.

Ball and Socket Joints

Joints that allow movement in many different directions, examples include the hip and shoulder.

Hinge Joints

Joints that allow movement in one plane, typical examples are the knee and elbow.

Sellar Joints

Saddle-shaped joints that enable movement in two directions, such as the thumb.

Planar Joints

Joints that allow two bones to slide across one another, found in areas like the wrist.

Cartilaginous Joints

Joints connected by cartilage, allowing limited movement, such as synchondroses.

Synchondroses

A type of cartilaginous joint where bones are joined by hyaline cartilage.

Fibrous Joints

Tight, inflexible joints connected by dense fibrous tissue, such as cranial sutures.

Primary Ossification Centers

The sites in the body where bone starts to form during embryonic development.

Secondary Ossification Centers

The sites where bone formation occurs after birth, such as in the epiphyses of long bones.

Intramembranous Ossification

A type of bone formation that occurs directly within a fibrous membrane.

Endochondral Ossification

A type of bone formation where a cartilage model is replaced by bone.

Osteoblasts

Bone-forming cells responsible for creating new bone tissue.

Osteoclasts

Bone-resorptive cells that break down and remove old or damaged bone tissue.

Osteocytes

Bone cells located within lacunae that maintain bone tissue and communicate with other bone cells.

Periosteum

A dense layer of vascular connective tissue that covers the bones except at the surfaces of the joints.

Endosteum

A thin membrane that lines the medullary cavity of long bones.

Cancellous Bone

Also known as spongy bone, it is a porous type of bone that contains red marrow and is found inside bones.

Compact Bone

The dense outer layer of bone that provides strength and contributes to the bone's structural integrity.

Haversian Canals

Large vertical canals in bone that contain blood vessels and nerves.

Volkmann's Canals

Horizontal canals that connect Haversian canals and allow communication between osteons.

Canaliculi

Microscopic channels that connect lacunae and allow for communication between osteocytes.

Growth Plate

The area of growing tissue near the ends of the long bones that leads to longitudinal bone growth.

Appositional Growth

The process of bone growth in thickness that occurs as osteoblasts create new bone on the outer surface.