Level 2: CH 24 & 25 Anti-inflammatories & Analgesics Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards based on lecture notes about anti-inflammatories and analgesics.

Cardinal signs of inflammation

Redness, swelling, heat, pain, loss of function

Prostaglandins

Chemical that causes inflammation and pain at a tissue injury site.

NSAIDS

Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs; inhibit COX enzyme, inhibiting prostaglandin production.

COX-2 inhibitors

Newer NSAIDs with less affect on the stomach lining.

Signs of bleeding caused by high doses of aspirin

Dark tarry stool, bleeding gums, petechiae, ecchymosis, pupura.

Reye syndrome

A condition that can be caused by aspirin in children with a virus or flu.

Symptoms of salicylate hypersensitivity

Tinnitus, dizziness, vertigo, bronchospasm.

Use of ketorolac

Moderate to severe pain management.

Risk of immunomodulators like IL-1 receptor antagonists and TNF blockers

Predispose people to severe infections.

How allopurinol prevents gout attacks

Decreases uric acid synthesis.

Why acetaminophen is not an NSAID

Does not have antiinflammatory properties

Danger of large doses of acetaminophen

Hepatotoxicity, renal failure, thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, argranulocytosis, leokopenia, neutropenia

Liver function tests monitored with large doses of acetaminophen

AST, ALT, Billirubin

Potential consequences of ingesting alcohol concurrently with acetaminophen

Can cause hepatotoxicity

Antidote for acetaminophen toxicity

Acetylcysteine

Early symptoms of hepatic damage

Abdominal pain, jaundice, nausea, vomit, diarrhea

Maximum daily dose of acetaminophen for adults

4,000 mg/day (4g/day), frequently 2,000mg/day

Mechanism of action of morphine sulfate

Bind to Kappa and Mu receptors and suppress pain impulses

Side effects of opioids

Drowsiness, dizziness, euphoria, confusion, miosis, blurred vision, constipation, urine retention, dependence, respiratory depression, controlled substance

Drugs that interact with morphine

Alcohol, sedative hypnotics, muscle relaxants, and antipsychotics

How to monitor for adverse effects of morphine

Monitor VS frequently (less than 10), check urine output (600ml/day), listen for bowel sounds

Physical sign that can indicate morphine overdose

Pupil changes (constriction)

Antidote used to reverse respiratory depression due to opioid overdose

Naloxone (Narcan)

Group of drugs most recently developed for the treatment of migraine headaches

Tryptines