Dev psy 4

Accidents (unintentional injuries)

the leading cause of death in young children

BMI (Body Mass Index)

commonly used to determine if a child is overweight, obese, or at risk of being overweight

11-13 hours

hours of sleep that young children must get each night for healthy development

Authoritative parenting

A parenting style in which parents encourage their children to be independent but still place limits and controls on their actions. Extensive verbal give-and-take is allowed, and parents are warm and nurturing toward the child.

Quality of parental relationship

factor that is most associated with better child adjustment after divorce

Egocentrism

the inability to distinguish between one’s own perspective and someone else's

Symbolic function stage

under Piaget’s cognitive theory; states the children start to use scribble designs to represent people, houses, cars, clouds, and so on.

Inhibition

the ability to control impulses and resist distractions

Initiative vs Guilt

stage of Erik Erikson’s eight developmental stages where the children on their own initiative move out into a wider social world, and it might bring also the feelings of guilt which leads to lower self-esteem

Emotion-Based Prevention Program (EBP)

This program consists of at teacher-conducted emotions course in the classroom, emotion tutoring and coaching teacher dialogues, and weekly parent messages that reinforce the lessons taught in the classroom

Social interaction

central concept of Vygotsky's theory regarding cognitive development

Zone of proximal development (ZPD)

The gap between what a learner can do witha and without help

Scaffolding

The temporary support given to a learner to help them achieve a task

Constructive play

type of play occurs when children engage in the self-regulated creation of a product or a solution

Fast mapping

Quickly forming a connection between a word and its meaning after limited exposure

Pragmatics

The appropriate use of language in different contexts

Gender identity

A sense of one’s own gender, including knowledge, understanding, and acceptance of being male or female

Moral development

Thoughts, feelings, and behaviors regarding rules and conventions in social interactions

Curriculum debate and universal preschool education

two issues highlighted in the report as controversies in early childhood education

1965, Project Head Start

was launched to help children from low-income families in the U.S. who started school behind their peers due to a lack of early education.

Developmentally appropriate practice

In a nursery, the teacher, Daenerys, asked her students, "Would you like to draw a magical dragon or build a dragon with Legos?" Both options are age-appropriate and engaging, allowing the children to choose their activity. Drawing a magical dragon sparks their imagination, while building with Legos promotes creativity and fine motor skills.