Firearms exam 2

Terminology, ammo, and documentation

action

part that loads, fires are ejects cartridge (lever, pump, bolt, semi-auto)

barrel

metal tube bullet is fired thorugh

black powder

old form of gun powder, 1,000+ yrs old, nitrate, charcoal, sulfur

bore

inside or barrel (smooth or with rifling)

breech

end of barrel attached to action

round nose

end of bullet is blunted

hollow point

central cavity in bullet nose not covered by metal jacket creates expansion when target is struck for more damage 

action 4

hoolow point made of nonfragmenting brass with radiopaque plastic tip

hydra shok

hoolow point with soft deformable anterior and hard posterir core

jacketed

soft lead is surronded by another matal usually copper. alalows bullet to penetrate target more easily/ full metal jacket has lead exposed at bullet base, total metal jacket is fullt covered

wadcutter

front of bullet is flat

semi-wadcutter

combines wadcutter with hollow point or round nose

butt

part of gun that’s held or shouldered

caliber

diameter of bore measured from land to land

cartridge

aka round: case, primer, powder, and bullet

centerfire

gun powder is stored in the center of the bullet back

chamber

part of action that holds the cartridge ready for firing

choke

constriction of shotgun bore to determine shot pattern

compensator

muzzle brake or compensator goes as end of barrel to redirect gas. reduces recoil and rise of barrel. gas and sound are directed back at shooter

double action

pulling trigger cocks hammer and fires gun

double barrel

2 barrels side by side

flash surpressor

attached to muzzle to reduce visible light from burning gun powder, gases are distributed to disperse falsh

gauge

diameter of shotgun barrel; number of lead balls the size of the bore it woudl take to equal 1 lbs

hammer

metal rod or plate that drives firing pin into primer

ignition

way poder is ignited (flintlock, percussion, center fire, rim fire)

lands and grooves

spiraling inside barrel (land is the ridge)

magazine

store cartridges for loading into chamber

magnum

rifles and handguns: cartridge with more powder = more energy ; shotgun: more powder and increased length with more shot pellets

muzzle

end of barrel bullet comes out of

pistol

handgun without revolving cylinder

ported barrel

slots cut at top near muzzle to release gas behind bullet and reduce lift

powder

modern is “smokeless” that’s realtively stable and uniform leaves little residue. black powder was volatile, irregular and left lots of residue

primer

substance that ignites when struck to detonate powder

revolver

handgun with cylinder to contain cartridges

single action

hammer must be cocked before trigger can fire weapon

rifling

spiral grooves inside barrel that gives spining motion

safety

prevents firing of the gun

shotgun

smooth bore, cartridges with shot

sights

device that helps with aim

silencer

fits over muzzle to muffle sound; baffling escape of gases

smokeless powder

modern gunpowder; flakes of nitrocellulose and other substances

stock

the wood, metal, or plastic that holds the barrel and action and allows gun to be held firmly

berdan primer

military: anvil with 2 flash point holes

boxer primer

commercial 1 flash hole built in case

propellant

mix of chemicals encased in casing ignited by primer

1500s projectile

black powder, wadding, lead ball, more wadding

case

casing primer no propellant; can be live or fired;

case materials

brass, aluminum (can’t reload or contain high velocities), steel (europe and asia, rust problems), plastic (replaced paper, reused a lot)

obturation

case expands to form seal in chamber at ignition

annealed brass

reduce hardness and fix impurities: allows for return to OG shape, airds extraction and reloaders (too hard = crack, too loose= can’t extract)

case types

straight, bottle neck (more propellant, higher velocity), tapered (european),

case measurements

us/british = inches, europe= metric

Caliber

may contain manufature year in US ex. 30.06 = 1906

shot gun ammo

pellets, balls, pointed, cylindrical

slug

single smooth bore bullet, enlongated bullet moves center of mass forward for down range stability

brenneke

rifled slug, solid lead, plastic wad, less deformation

sabot

discarding plastic collar to achieve calliber; used in rifle barrels

hatton

breaches doors

dragon’s breath

mini flame thrower

bean bag

law enforcement, less lethal

baton round

riot situations, crowd control