Chronological Events in Global History

This set of flashcards covers significant historical events and concepts that shaped global history.

Hijra

The migration of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina in 622.

Abbasid Caliphate

A major Islamic caliphate that ruled from 750 to 1258.

Mongol globalization

A period of increased cultural interaction across Eurasia during the Mongol Empire (c. 1206–1368).

Travels of Ibn Battuta

The extensive journeys of the Muslim scholar and traveler Ibn Battuta between 1325 and 1354.

Expeditions of Zheng He

A series of maritime voyages undertaken by the Chinese admiral Zheng He from 1405 to 1433.

Trials of Galileo Galilei

Legal proceedings against the Italian astronomer Galileo in 1633 regarding his support of heliocentrism.

Peace of Westphalia

A series of treaties in 1648 that ended the Thirty Years' War in Europe.

1st wave of globalization

A period of global economic integration from c. 1492 to 1800.

Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

A fundamental document of the French Revolution, adopted in 1789.

Haitian Revolution

A successful anti-colonial slave revolt in Haiti from 1791 to 1804.

Congress of Vienna

A conference in 1814–1815 aimed at reestablishing order in Europe after Napoleon's defeat.

Communist Manifesto

A political pamphlet by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels published in 1848.

British Raj

The period of British rule in India from 1858 to 1947.

Young Turk Revolution

A 1908 revolution in the Ottoman Empire aimed at restoring constitutional government.

Chinese (Xinhai) Revolution

The 1911 revolution that led to the establishment of the Republic of China.

Paris Peace Conference

The meeting in 1919 that concluded World War I with several treaties.

Armenian Genocide

The mass extermination of Armenians by the Ottoman Empire from 1915 to 1917.

1st international refugee regime

Established in the 1920s under the League of Nations to address the needs of refugees.

China’s Cultural Revolution

A socio-political movement initiated by Mao Zedong from 1966 to 1976.

Iranian Constitutional Revolution

A movement from 1905 to 1911 aimed at establishing a constitutional monarchy in Iran.

2nd wave of globalization

A period of global interconnectedness occurring from c. 1800 to 1945.

UN Declaration of Human Rights

A milestone document adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1948.

UN Refugee Convention

A treaty established in 1951 to protect refugees worldwide.

2nd wave of feminism

A feminist movement from the 1960s to the 1980s focused on equality and reproductive rights.

March on Washington

A historic civil rights rally held in 1963 advocating for racial justice.

U.S. Immigration and Nationality Act — Hart-Celler Act

The 1965 act that abolished immigration quotas based on national origin.

End of the Cold War

The period between 1989 and 1991 marked by the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the easing of tensions between East and West.

Algerian War of Independence

A war from 1954 to 1962 for Algeria's independence from France.

3rd wave of feminism

The resurgence of feminist ideas and activism from the 1990s to the 2010s.

Digital Revolution

The shift to digital technology that began in the 1970s and continues to transform society.

Bandung Conference

A 1955 conference aimed at promoting solidarity among Asian and African countries.

Partition of British India

The division of British India into India and Pakistan in 1947.

3rd wave of globalization

The current phase of globalization occurring from c. 1945 to 2000.

U.S. invasion of Iraq

The military operation initiated by the U.S. in 2003 to overthrow Saddam Hussein.

Russia’s annexation of Ukraine’s Crimea

The 2014 event where Russia took control of Crimea, leading to international condemnation.

Obergefell v. Hodges

The 2015 landmark Supreme Court case that legalized same-sex marriage in the U.S.

Syrian refugee crisis

The ongoing humanitarian crisis resulting from the Syrian civil war since 2015.

Kyoto Protocol

An international treaty adopted in 1997 to combat climate change, entered into force in 2005.

Paris Agreement

A global accord reached in 2015 to address climate change and limit global warming.

4th industrial revolution

The current era characterized by the fusion of digital, physical, and biological technologies that began in the 2010s.