1.1Atom & Atomic Radius

This set of flashcards focuses on the structure of atoms, the charge and mass of subatomic particles, ion formation, and variations in atomic and ionic radius.

What are atoms composed of?

Atoms are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

What charge does the nucleus of an atom have?

The nucleus has an overall positive charge due to the presence of protons.

What is the relative mass of a proton?

The relative mass of a proton is 1.

How do protons, neutrons, and electrons behave in an electric field?

Protons are slightly deflected towards the negative plate, electrons are strongly deflected towards the positive plate, and neutrons pass through without deflection.

What is the atomic number?

The atomic number (Z) is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

How is the mass number defined?

The mass number (A) is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.

What is the formula to calculate the number of neutrons in an atom?

Number of neutrons = Mass number (A) - Atomic number (Z).

What happens to atoms to form positive ions?

Positive ions (cations) form when atoms lose electrons.

What defines a negative ion?

Negative ions (anions) are formed when atoms gain electrons.

How does the atomic radius change across a period?

The atomic radius generally decreases across a period.

What causes the increase of atomic radius down a group?

The atomic radius increases down a group due to the additional electron shells.

What is the effect of adding extra electrons on ionic radius?

Ionic radius increases with increasing negative charge.

How does positive charge affect ionic radius?

Ionic radius decreases with increasing positive charge.

What is the relative charge of an electron?

The relative charge of an electron is -1.