Neuroscience - The Orbit and Eye

orbit

• contains and protects the eyeball and accessory visual structures

• frontal bone

• sphenoid

• maxillary

• zygomatic

• palatine

• ethmoid

• lacrimal

Name the 7 bones that form the orbit

base of orbit

• outlined by the orbital margin

medial wall of orbit

• lacrimal groove

lateral wall of orbit

• thickest and strongest wall

roof of orbit

contains lacrimal fossa

floor of orbit

apex of orbit

eyelids

• protect the eyeball from injury and excessive light

• keep cornea moist by spreading the lacrimal fluid

• covered externally by skin

conjunctivitis

inflammation

palpebral conjunctiva

bulbar conjunctiva

• continuous

superior and inferior fornices

superior and inferior tarsal plates

tarsal glands

levator aponeurosis

medial and lateral palpebral ligaments

lacrimal gland

eyeball

• optical apparatus of the visual system

Name the 3 layers of the eyeball

• sclera

• cornea

Name the 2 structures that make up the fibrous layer of the eyeball

sclera

• 5/6 of the fibrous layer of the eyeball

• tough, opaque part

cornea

• 1/6 of the fibrous layer of the eyeball

• provides a transparent protective coating for the optical structures

• choroid

• ciliary body

• iris

Name the 3 structures of the vascular layer of the eyeball

uvea

choroid

• vascular layer between the sclera and the retina

• responsible for “red eye” in flash photography

• continuous with the ciliary body; attached firmly to the retina

ciliary body

• composed of smooth muscle

• provides attachment for the lens

iris

• a thin, pigmented, contractile diaphragm that lies on the anterior surface of the lens

• pupil

• stroma

• dilator pupillae

• sphincter pupillae

Name the 4 structures that make up the iris

pupil

stroma

dilator pupillae

sphincter pupillae

retina

Which structure makes up the inner layer of the eyeball?

retina

neural retina

retinal pigment epithelium

fundus

optic disc

macula lutea

fovea centralis

• center of the macula

• highest concentration of cones

• area of most acute vision

lens

levator palpebrae superioris

• broadens into a wide bilaminar aponeurosis as it approaches its distal attachment

• elevates superior eyelid

superior rectus

• elevates the eyeball

inferior rectus

• depresses eyeball

medial rectus

• adducts eyeball

lateral rectus

• abducts eyeball

common tendinous ring

annular ring

What is another name for the common tendinous ring?

superior oblique

• medially rotates eyeball

• abducts and depresses eyeball

inferior oblique

• laterally rotates eyeball

• abducts and elevates eyeball