Bacteria and Archea

Virus

Small, infectious agent. ALL are made of nucleic acid (DNA & RNA) & protein. They require a host to replicate and cannot reproduce independently.

Capsid

Protein coating for the virus

Bacteriophage

Virus that can only bind to and infect bacterial cells

Lytic Pathways

When a virus immediately bursts from the host cell, causing the cell to die

Lysogenic Pathway

Once virus infects host cell the virus hides in the host cell, allowing the host cell to continue replicating without damage

Prokaryote

Single-celled organism, has no nucleus, has no membrane bound organelles. BACTERIA and ARHCEA

Coccus

Spherical shaped bacteria

Bacillus

Rod shaped bacteria

Spirillum

Spiral shaped bacteria

Binary Fission

An asexual process that replicates DNA then distributes it into 2 cells

Transformation

Transmits DNA in prokaryotes by having DNA from dying cells taken up by another cell

Transduction

Prokaryotes transmit DNA by having viruses pick up DNA from one cell and bring it into another cell, this new cell gets genes from the virus

Conjugation

Prokaryotes transmit DNA through direct contact. DNA passes to the recipient cell through a sex pilus

Peptidoglycan

Thich carbohydrate layer found in bacteria

Gram-Positive Cells

Purple staining, indicates that peptidoglycan is present

Gram-Negative Cells

Pink/Red staining, indicates that peptidoglycan is not present

Glycocalyx

Layer of proteins or polysaccharides that helps cells attach to surfaces, evade the immune system, and form biofilms. Can be found on SOME NOT ALL bacteria and archea

Pili

Short, hairlike projections that enable cells to adhere to surfaces and other cells. sex p are used for exchanging DNA with other cells

Flagella

Long, whiplike extensions that help cells move

Attachment, Injection, Transcription and Translation, Assembly, Release

Viral Replication