Philippine Architecture - HOA (copy)

Tabon Cave Complex

example of a prehistoric cave

Prehistoric Cave/Cave

the earliest form of human habitation

Idjang

in Batanes, Rock-hewn fortresses

Pinanahang

Lean-to of the Agta Palanan.

Lean-to

constructed along the principle of tripod

Hawong

used by the Pinatubo Aeta; has no living platform; forms two sloping sides with one or both ends left open

Kalinga Tree House

built as safeguard from night-time ambushes by tribal enemies or wild predators

Pre-Colonial Vernacular Architecture

builders are non-professional; they are typically the owners/users too; use of natural materials abundant in their locality; actual process of construction involves intuitive thinking; association of symbolism and meaning; styles are specific to an ethnic domain

Binuron

traditional Isneg house

roof suggests an inverted hull; exposed floor joists outside suggest the profile of a boat

Datag or Xassaran

main section

Tamuyon

slightly raised platform on the three sides

Binayon

traditional Kalinga house, octagonal in plan; exterior features are not strongly defined

Dataggon

central section of a Binayon

Sipi

slightly elevated side sections of a Binayon

Fay-u

traditional Bontoc house, for the affluent

Katyufong

dwelling for the poor; Bontoc

Kol-lob

residence of widows or unmarried old women; can also be called katyufong; Bontoc

Inagamang

traditional Bontoc house in Sagada

Agamang

upper level granary of a Bontoc house

Afong

general term for a family residence; Bontoc

Ato

council house and dormitory of the young and old unmarried males; Bontoc

Ulog or olog

female dormitory; Bontoc

Bale

Fale. Traditional Ifugao house, for the affluent

Abong

dwelling for the poor for the Ifugaos; "the house as a womb"

Halipan

rat guard; Ifugao

Binangiyan

traditional Kankanai house for the wealthy

Apa or Inapa

for poorer families; temporary abode; Kankanai

Allao

more temporary; Kankanai

Rakuh

traditional Ivatan house; thick thatch, walls mortared with stone or plastered with white lime; wooden post and lintel framework is implanted in the walls

Bahay Kubo

traditional lowland dwelling, northern and central regions; "the passively-cooled house"

1. Porous surfaces

2. Horizontally of windows

3. Roof and window overhangs

4. Surrounding gardens

"the passively-cooled house"

Bahay Kubo

Primary

1. Living Room

2. Kitchen and Service area (dapogan, banggerahan, batalan)

Primary interior spaces of a Bahay Kubo

Secondary

1. Dining

2. Silong and balkon

3. Bedrooms

Secondary interior spaces of a Bahay Kubo

Lepa

traditional Badjao boat-house; no outriggers, roofed, loose and detachable structure

Djenging

has outriggers, roofed, walled in on all sides by wooden boards; Badjao

Dapang or Vinta

not roofed, only used for fishing and short trips; Badjao

Luma

traditional Badjao landhouse

Harun

stairs where women often wash clothes and kitchen utensils; Badjao Luma

Bay Sinug

traditional Tausug house; house building can be constructed as corresponding to the birth of a human

Tadjuk pasung

finials of Bay Sinug house

Torogan

traditional Maranao house; ancestral residence of the datu and his extended family

Mala-a-walai

traditional large house; Maranao

Lawig

small house; Maranao

Panolong

decorative beam ends of a Torogan house

Lamin

lady's dormitory tower; Maranao

Spanish Colonial Architecture

this focuses on church building and other colonial infrastructures to urbanize the country

Reduccion

forced ubanization and resettlement; the formerly scattered barangays were brought together and reduced in number and made into compact and larger communities to facilitate religious conversion and cultural change

Bajo de las campana

under the sound of the bells

Encomienda

the colony was divided into parcels assigned to a Spanish colonist (encomendero) who was mandated to "allocate, alot or distribute" the resources of the domain

System of Cities and Towns

the institution of a heirarchal settlement system

Cabecera

means city

Poblacion

means town

Barrios

means barangay

Intramuros

the walled city in the Philippines; patterned after the walled fortresses of Europe; reserved for the nobility and the clergy

Insulares

Spanish-born nationals

Peninsulares

Philippine-born nationals

Extramorus

living beyond the walls

Pueblos

villages outside the walls

Parian

a separate urban quarter designed to the Chinese community

Dilao

Japanese community

Laws of the Indies

1573

characteristics; elevated location, an orderly grid of streets (cuadricula), a central plaza, a defensive wall, and zones for churches, shops, government buildings, hospitals and slaughterhouses

encapsulates the classicist theories of urban design proposed by Vitruvius and Alberti

Plaza Complex

grid pattern of streets with the main plaza at the center surrounded by the church, the tribunal, other government buildings, and the marketplace

Colonial Infrastructures

new building typologies and construction technology was introduced

Churches

edifices for religious conversion

Altar mayor

main altar

Sagrario

tabernacle

Pulpito

pulpit

Retablo

elaborately ornamented altar screen

Sacristia

where the priest and his assistants put on their robes before the mass

Coro

choir loft

Tribunas

screened gallery

Convento

parish house or rectory

Companarios

bell towers

Basilica Minore del Santo Nino

Cebu. considered as the oldest church in the Philippines (National Historical Landmark)

Bantay Church

(Shrine of our Lady of Charity) Ilocos Sur; belfry served as a watchtower for pirates; Neo-Gothic Church

Carcar Church

(Church of Sta. Catalina de Alexandria); Cebu; Minaret-like bell towers; Neo-Mudejar

San Sebastian Church

Manila; the first and only all steel church in Asia; Neo-Gothic church

Manila Cathedral

Intramuros, Manila; Restoration by Fernando Ocampo; Neo-Romanesque

San Agustin Church

Intramuros, Manila; the Church of the Immaculate Conception of San Agustin; first church to be built in Luzon; only structure in Intramuros to survive WWII; High Baroque style retablo; Chinese fu dogs at the entrance

Paoay Church

Ilocos Norte; Saint Augustine Church; most outstanding example in the Philippines of "Earthquake Baroque"

Paoay Church

Distinct features include: 14 contrafuertes (buttresses) ranged along the lines of a giant volute supporting a smaller one and surmounted by pyramidal finials; upper walls constructed of coral stone, the upper levels in bricks; a separate massive coral stone belltower

Miag-ao Church

Ilo-ilo; Sto. Tomas de Villanueva Church; stands on the highest point of Miag-ao, its towers serving as lookouts against Muslim raids; it is the finest surviving example of "Fortress Baroque"; the facade epitomizes the Filipino transfiguration of western decorative elements; the facade is flanked by massive tapering belltowers of unequal height

Santa Maria Church

Ilocos Sur; Church of Nuestra Senora de la Asuncion; situated on a hill surrounded by a defensive wall (unlikely most traditional churches sitting on the central plaza)

Santa Maria Church

separate pagoda-like bell tower at the midpoint of the nave wall; the brick walls are devoid of ornament but have delicately carved side entrances and strong buttresses

Fortresses

characterized by heavy stone walls, moats, and grid road layouts; bastions, keeps, and watchtowers were also built to cover blind spots

Fort Santiago

an example of a fortress in Intramuros, Manila

Cortinas

thick perimeter walls

Bastiones or baluartes

four-sided bulwarks skirting the cortinas on both ends