The Digestive System

This set of flashcards covers key vocabulary terms and definitions related to the digestive system, structured for effective study and review leading up to the exam.

Mucosa

Composed of lining epithelium, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosae; responsible for absorption and lubrication.

Submucosa

Connective tissue layer that contains blood and lymph vessels, lymphoid nodules, and nerve plexus; protects from bacterial invasion.

Serosa

A virtual connective-tissue membrane covered by a single layer of mesothelial cells; lines body cavities and covers outer organs.

Lingual frenulum

A fold of tissue connecting the tongue to the floor of the mouth; can be abnormal in some individuals.

Uvula

Conical, pendulous process located at the posterior midline of the soft palate; prevents food from entering the nasopharynx during swallowing.

Parotid Salivary Gland

Produces and secretes saliva, contributing 25-30% of saliva; known for serous secretions and located anterior and medial to the mandible.

Cecum

Portion of the large intestine; absorbs water and electrolytes and is continuous with the appendix.

Ileocecal valve

Junction between the ileum and cecum that contains a smooth muscle valve controlling material entry into the large intestine.

Greater curvature of the stomach

Convex, inferior border of the stomach that provides attachment for the greater omentum.

Haustra

Sacculations of the colon wall; notable between taeniae coli in the large intestine.