Chapter 11: Endocrine system

what does the endocrine system communicate with the body with?

hormones

the endocrine system is a (slower of faster) reaction

slower

the endocrine system lasts for (longer or shorter) durations?

longer

where does the endocrine system secrete the hormones into?

the blood stream

Endocrine or exocrine is a secretion into the blood stream

endocrine

endocrine or exocrine is a secretion onto a surface

exocrine

hormones travel in the...

blood stream

what are the affect cells that have hormone specific receptor?

target cells

T or F if the cell does not have a receptor for the hormone w they can still react to the hormone?

False

peptide hormones are a hydrophilic string of...

amino acids

T or F peptide hormones can penetrate the cell membrane

false

what is an example of a peptide hormone

insulin

steroid hormones are (hydrophilic or hydrophobic)

hydrophobic

what are steroid hormones synthesized from

cholesterol

because steroid hormones are ________ they can easily enter the cell membrane and bind with intracellular receptors

lipophilic

what is an example of a steroid hormone? (2 possibilities)

estrogen, aldosterone

monoamine hormones are made from modifying an...

amino acid

T or F monoamine hormones can be lipophilic or lipophobic

True

what is an example of a monoamine hormone

thyroid hormone or catecholamines

Elevated levels of a hormone will
slow its secretion is a (negative or positive) feed back loop

negative feedback loop

Elevated levels of a hormone will
increase its secretion is a (negative or positive) feedback loop

positive feedback loop

major endocrine glands are found within the...

diencephalon

major endocrine glands translate _______ signals into hormone signals

nervous

what connects the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary gland?

portal system

the hypothalamus secretes what two kinds of hormones

releasing and inhibiting hormones

the hypothalamus is connected to the posterior pituitary gland via...

unique neurons

the pituitary gland responds to hormones from the...

hypothalamus

T or F the pituitary gland directs the activity of all other endocrine glands in the body

True

what are the hormones of the anterior pituitary gland? (7)

Growth hormone
• Prolactin
• Thyroid stimulating hormone
• Adrenocorticotropic hormone
• Follicle stimulating hormone
• Luteinizing hormone
• Melanocyte stimulating hormone

what are the hormones of the posterior pituitary gland

ADH and oxytocin

target glands respond to or release hormones

release

target cells respond to or release hormones

respond to

what is the other name for growth hormones

somatotropin

what is the result of too much somatotropin

acromegaly (giantism)

what is the result of too little somatotropin?

pituitary dwarfism

somatotropin is a hormone that promotes __________ in young animals

growth

somatotropin is a protein (anabolism or catabolism)

anabolism

somatotropin is a lipid (anabolism or catabolism)

catabolism

somatotropin has a _________ effect that counteracts insulin

hyperglycemic

T or F the clinical use for somatotropin is injections into cows to promote the milk production

True

somatotropin comes from the (anterior or posterior) pituitary gland

anterior

prolactin comes from the (anterior or posterior) pituitary gland

anterior

what is the result of prolactin

milk production

Stimulation from nursing
causes the release of what hormone

prolactin

T or F prolactin is clinically significant for males

false

what does the thyroid simulating hormone stimulate

thyroid gland

what releases thyroid stimulating hormone

anterior pituitary gland

what releases the adrenocorticotropic hormone

anterior pituitary gland

what does the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulate

adrenal cortex

what releases follicle stimulating hormone

anterior pituitary gland

what does follicle stimulating hormone stimulate in the ovary

oogenesis

what hormone do the follicles in the ovaries produce

estrogen

what does follicle stimulating hormone stimulate in males

spermatogenesis

what gland releases luteinizing hormone

anterior pituitary gland

what does luteinizing hormone stimulate in females

ovulation

what does luteinizing hormone stimulate in males

interstitial cells in the
testicle to produce testosterone

what releases the melanocyte stimulating hormone

anterior pituitary gland

what does the melanocyte stimulating hormone control

color changes in pigment cells

what gland releases antidiuretic hormones (ADH)

posterior pituitary gland

the posterior pituitary gland stores two hormones for the...

hypothalamus

what is the target organ for ADH

kidney

what does ADH prevent

diuresis (loss of
water into urine)

what does the loss of ADH cause

diabetes insipidus

what gland releases oxytocin

posterior pituitary gland

what are the target organs for oxytocin

mammary glands and myometrium

what hormone causes milk let down and uterine contractions

oxytocin

what hormone is used as an injectable to treat uterine inertia

oxytocin

the thyroid gland is two lobes located on either side of the...

larynx

the thyroid gland responds to what hormone released from the anterior pituitary gland?

thyroid stimulating hormone

what is the thyroid hormone T4 (prohormone or active hormone)

prohormone

what is the thyroid hormone T3 (prohormone or active hormone)

active hormone

thyroid hormones regulate _________ rate

metabolic

thyroid hormones a protein (anabolism or catabolism)

anabolism

thyroid hormone is a lipid (anabolism) or catabolism)

catabolism

thyroid hormones have a ________ effect

hypoglycemia

T or F thyroid hormones are involved with thermoregulation

True

T or F thyroid hormones promote growth and normal development

True

what hormone decreases the blood calcium levels

calcitonin

what gland releases calcitonin

thyroid gland

hyperthyroidism is when the metabolic rate is too (fast or slow)

fast

hypothyroidism is when the metabolic rate is too (fast or slow)

slow

the parathyroid glands are (lateral or medial) to the thyroid lobes

lateral

what hormone does the parathyroid gland produce

parathyroid hormone

parathyroid hormone (increases or decreases) blood calcium levels

increases

the cortex of the adrenal gland responds to what hormone

adrenocorticotropic hormone

what are the three types of hormone responses does the cortex of the adrenal gland

salt, stress, sex

of the cortex of the adrenal gland, the salt is called

mineralocorticoid

of the cortex of the adrenal gland, the mineralocorticoid releases

aldosterone

what regulates electrolyte levels

aldosterone

of the cortex of the adrenal gland, the stress releases

Glucocorticoid

what does the Glucocorticoid release in response to stress

cortisol

what hormone effects gluconeogenesis, stress compensation, and blood pressure

cortisol

of the cortex of the adrenal gland, sex releases

androgens

what are the two androgens

testosterone and estrogen

the medulla of the adrenal cortex is under the (sympathetic or parasympathetic) nervous control

sympathetic

what are the two hormones the medulla of the adrenal cortex produces

epinephrine, norepinephrine

the pancreas is adjacent to the...

duodenum

the pancreas responds to what?

blood glucose levels

the pancreas produces what three hormones

insulin, glucagon, somatostatin

insulin (lowers or raises) blood glucose levels

lowers