National Latin Exam

Roma

Rome

Italia

Italy

Gallia

France

Graecia

Greece

Britannia

Britain

Hispania

Spain

Mare Nostrum

Mediterranean Sea

Tiber River

river through Rome

Jupiter

Zeus: eagle, king of gods, thunder

Pluto

Hades: underworld

Neptune

Poseidon: sea, wild horses, earthquake

Mercury

Hermes: thieves, messenger, technology

Apollo

Apollo: music, archery, medicine

Minerva

Athena: wisdom, war strategy, horsemanship, owl

Venus

Aphrodite: love, beauty

Vulcan

Hephaestus: blacksmith

Vesta

Hestia: hearth, home

Ceres

Demeter: grain

Mars

Ares: war

Juno

Hera: marriage, queen of gods, peacock

Dionysus

Bacchus: wine, acting, fertility

Diana

Artemis: hunt, wild animals, childbirth

Romulus

first king of Rome

Remus

brother of first Roman king

Aeneas

brought Trojans to Italy, forefather of Romulus and Remus

Forum

city center

Circus Maximus

chariot racing

Colosseum

gladiator fights

villa

country house

cubiculum

bedroom

atrium

central entrance

triclinium

dining room

tablinum

study

toga

only worn by male citizens

tunica

everyday wear for all

stola

dress

palla

shawl

bulla

charm for children

pater

father

mater

mother

filius

son

filia

daughter

paterfamiliās

head of Roman household; had power of life & death over all, including slaves & animals

servus

slave

equus

horse

canis

dog

porcus

pig

feles

cat

salve, salvete

hello

quid agis

How are you?

quid nomen tibi est?

What is your name?

quis est

Who is it?

quid est

What is it?

vale, valete

good-bye

ita vero

yes

certe

certainly

sic

thus

minime

no

e pluribus unum

one out of many

tempus fugit

time flies

n.b.

note well

carpe diem

seize the day

a.m.

ante meridiem

etc. (et cetera)

and other things

e.g. exempli gratiā

for example

aut

or

et

and

quod

because

sed

but

ubi

where, when

-ne

asks a yes/no question

cras

tomorrow

hodie

today

ibi

there

mox

soon

numquam

never

saepe

often

statim

immediately

subito

suddenly

tum

then

cur

why

quomodo

how

aut...aut

either...or

et....et

both...and

-que

and

I

1

V

5

X

10

L

50

C

100

D

500

M

1000

semper

always

ad

to + accusative

ante

before, in front of + accusative

circum

around + accusative

in

into, onto, against + accusative

inter

between, among + accusative

per

through + accusative

post

after + accusative