Chuyen Ngo Gia Tu P2

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

The issues for (1) .... economies are a little more straightforward. The desire to build on undeveloped land is not (2) .... out of desperation or necessity, but is a result of the relentless march of progress. Cheap labour and a relatively highly- skilled workforce make these countries highly competitive and there is a flood of inward investment, particularly from (3) .... looking to take advantage of the low wages before the cost and standard of living begin to rise. It is factors such as these that are making many Asian economies extremely attractive when viewed as investment opportunities at the moment.

1. 
   A. emerging
   B. emergent
   C. convergent
   D. resurgent

2. A. grown
   B. born
   C. bred
   D. arisen

3. A. multinationals
   B. migrants
   C. continentals
   D.intercontinentals

Similarly, in Africa, the relative (4) ....of precious metals and natural resources tends to attract a lot of (5) .... companies and a whole sub- industry develops around and is completely dependent on this foreign- direct investment. It is understandable that countries that are the focus of this sort of attention can lose sight of the environmental implications of large- scale industrial development, and this can have devastating consequences for the natural world. And it is a (6) .... cycle because the more industrially active a nation becomes, the greater the demand for and harvesting of natural resources.

1. A. premonition
   B. abundance
   C. amplitude
   D. accumulation

2. A. exploitation
   B. exploration
   C. surveyance
   D. research

3. A. vacuous
   B. viscous
   C. vexatious
   D. vicious

For some, the environmental issues, though they can hardly be ignored, are viewed as a (7) .... concern. Indeed, having an environmental conscience or taking environmental matters into consideration when it comes to decisions on whether or not to build rubber- tree (8) .... or grow biofuel crops would be quite (9) .... indeed. For those involved in such schemes it is a pretty black- and- white issue. And, for vast (10) .... of land in Latin America, for example, it is clear that the welfare of the rainforests matters little to local government when vast sums of money can be made from cultivating the land.

1. A. parallel
   B. extrinsic
   C. peripheral
   D. exponential

2. A. plantations
   B. homesteads
   C. ranches
   D. holdings

3. A. proscriptive
   B. prohibitive
   C. prospective
   D. imperative

4. A. regions
   B. plots
   C. tracts
   D. sectors

MIDSUMMER NIGHT'S EVE

In Europe, Midsummer Night's Eve, also known as St John's Eve, occurs on June 23rd. It originates from the pagan celebrations of the summer solstice which were held on June 21st. On that night throughout Europe bonfires were lit along hillsides to (1) .... the shortest night of the year. It must have looked as if some kind of violent insurrection was taking place down the coast of Scotland and England, but these signal fires in fact had a very important purpose. Bones of farm animals (2) .... the previous autumn were burned and, when the fires had (3) .... the remaining ash was put to good use: it was spread on the fields to enrich the land and ensure a good harvest. The word 'bonfire' is (4) .... from'bonefire'.

1. A. celebrate B. honour C. commemorate D. commiserate

2. A. revised B. assassinated C. slaughtered D. sacrificed

3. A. doused B. extinguished C. smothered D. gone out

4. A. derived B. developed C. evolved D. decayed

In Brazil too St John's Eve means bonfires and fireworks. Another quaint tradition involves the (5) .... of small paper hot- air balloons, although they are prohibited by law in the cities because of the fire (6) .... . Bonfires mark the beginning of spring rather than the summer in Sweden and are lit on the last night of April. In the Swedish Midsummer's Eve (7) .... , held on June 24th, a large pole, decorated with flowers and leaves, is placed in the ground.

1. A landing B. launching C. propelling D. ejecting

2. A. certainty B. peril C. jeopardy D. hazard

3. A. tradition B. custom C. ceremony D. practice

Thistles also have a significant role in the celebration of Midsummer's Night in Europe. In the past they were thought to (8) .... witches. The pretty, prickly plant was nailed over barn doors and used in wreaths, the circular shape being a symbol of the turning of the seasons. Wheels faced with straw and soaked in pitch were lit from the bonfires and then rolled down hills. There is less risk of fire in a (9) .... tradition to many Slavic countries. Young women and girls float little baskets of flowers and lighted candles down streams. Local boys swim out to (10) .... a basket, find the girl it belongs to and claim a dance at the town's Midsummer's Eve Party.

1. A. deflect B. ward off C. attract D. avert

2. A. unique B. common C. mutual D. prevalent

3. A. salvage B. rescue C. set free D. liberate

After living (1) .... the threat of extinction for more than 30 years, the national bird of the United States has been granted an official reprieve, as the bald eagle and twenty- eight other animal and plant species have been earmarked (2) .... removal from America's list of endangered species. The bald eagle, also known as the white- headed sea eagle, took pride of place at the top of a list of species likely to (3) .... taken off the endangered register in the coming years.

The proposed "delistings" are being promoted by the US interior, secretary to counter a growing feeling among Republicans that endangered species laws do not work. Charges of ineffectiveness have been (4) .... against these laws before, but more recently it has even been suggested that the situation may actually have been (5) .... worse by them. The recovery of the bald eagle follows thirty- one years on the critical list. Its numbers had been (6) .... to fewer than five hundred through the use of pesticides that reacted adversely (7) .... its reproductive system.

The number of nesting pairs is now estimated at five thousand. The interior secretary claims that the new list was a vindication of the legislation under which the eagle, a national symbol (8) .... originally from the Indians, and more than a thousand other species were protected.(A spokesperson denied that it was simply a publicity stunt timed to coincide with the swearing (9) .... of the president for his second term). Until now, few species have (10) .... been removed from the list. When they were, it was usually because they had become extinct.

Advances in technology have done much to change the way we live and communicate, but no breakthrough revolutionized life as much as the advent of wireless technology, according to a panel of experts assembled by CNN 2010. Back in 1980, when it (1) .... to communication technology, telephones were stuck to walls, facts were found in books, and people had to browse shelves in a record store if they wanted to buy the latest music. However, developments that occurred at the start of the twenty century (2) .... we could access all that information just by reaching into our pockets for our mobile phone. Form the (3) .... beginning of the Information Age, having immediate access to data was fundamental to progress. In some cases, technological advances (4) .... to overhaul industries at a lightning - fast pace. For example, the internet helped tech- savvy music lovers to force changes in the way the music industry did (5) .... while text messaging over cell phones made written (6) .... more immediate.

We embraced information technology to such an (7) .... that having computer access in our homes was not (8) .... enough. We wanted to use these tools everywhere. Wireless hot spots popped up in cafes, airports, universities - even the whole city blocks. And just as computer use worldwide exploded, the brains behind them - the processors - became increasingly smaller. A computer chip that you could balance on your fingertips could hold massive (9) .... of data. This ability to store portable. The entertainment industry harnessed satellite technology to give consumers more choice, and video game technology developed to the (10) .... where it became a $ 10 billion a year industry, producing games that invite players into a virtual world of fantasy, sport or even war.

The destruction of the rainforests is a pressing problem of our times but not one that is regarded equally serious by everyone. The more affluent nations regard the issue as one of preservation; deforestation must stop. When it comes to the poorer countries, the issue is not so cut and dried.For these people, the rainforests represent a source of economic prosperity, a point that obviously takes precedence on ecological concerns. A solution must be found before the damage caused by the deforestation that is destroying the rainforests becoming irrevocable.

Deforestation is carried out by those involving in the timber industry and also by migrant farmers. The later occupy an area of land, strip it, farm it until its natural mineral supply is used up and then move on. The land is left useless and exposed and a process of erosion comes into effect, washing soil into rivers thereby killing fish and blocking the water natural course. The land is not the only victim. Rainforests are a rich populated habitat. In the rainforests of Madagascar there are at most 150,000 individual species of plants and animals which are found anywhere else in the world and more are being discovered all the time.

Furthermore, approximately 50% of all endangered animal species live in the world's rainforests. The destruction of the forests effectively represents a complete removal of all these plants and animals. Deprived of their natural environments, they will disappear altogether. Again, this process is reversible. Man, no matter how powerful he considers himself, does not have the power to establish the species he is so willfully destroying.

1. I only realized the full implications of what had happened until sometime later. →→ It wasn't ....

1. The judge said that it was only because of the woman's age he had not sent her to jail.

→→ The judge said that had ....

3. The last time there was such an environmental catastrophe was a thousand years ago.

→→ Not ....

proportions.

4. We weren't surprised by his success.

→→ It came ....

5. He has an obsession about the dishonesty of lawyers. (BEE)

→→ He ....

6. I must have offended her because she isn't being friendly towards me.

(SHOULDER)

→→ I ....

You need to make sure that he has enough money to pay for the car before you sell it to him.

→

→ You need to see ....

8. He threatened the officers with violence. (THREATS)

→→ He ....

9. The students' rebellious behaviours should have been severely punishment.

(DESERVED)

→→ The students ....

10. There's no one available in this moment to take her class. (NOTICE)

→→ There's ....