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schrödinger wave equation
describes quantized energies of the electron and shows probability of finding electrons
solving wave equation
gives set of orbitals and their energies
quantum numbers
locate position of electron
four quantum numbers
primary, angular momentum (secondary), magnetic, spin
principal quantum num
n; size and energy of atomic orbitals and represents energy levels the electrons can occupy
max number of electrons per energy level
2n²
angular momentum
sub levels contained within n, each sub level has diff shape
l formula
n-1
magnetic quantum number
represents orientation, -l to l
spin quantum number
represents spin of electron,
energy level diagrams
represents energy level, sub shell, and orbital thay r occupied by electrons
pauli exclusion principle
no two electrons in an atom can have the same four quantum’s numbers
only electrons of opposite spin can occupy an orbital
aufbau principle
place electrons in the orbitals in order of increasing energy level
hunds rule
wheb electrons r added to orbitals of same energy sub levels, each orbital receives an electron before pairing begins
electron configuration
shortway of showing number and arrangement of electrons in an orbital