Music Theory Basics-key signatures, relative minor, scales

1 sharp

G major, E minor

2 sharps

D major, B minor

3 sharps

A major, F sharp minor

4 sharps

E major, C sharp minor

5 sharps

B major, G sharp minor

6 sharps

F sharp major, D sharp minor

7 sharps

C sharp major, A sharp minor

1 flat

F major, D minor

two flats

B flat major, G minor 

3 flats

E flat major, C minor

4 flats

A flat major, F minor

5 flats

D flat major, B flat minor

6 flats

G flat major, E flat minor

7 flats

C flat major, A flat minor

1st note

tonic

2nd note

super tonic

3rd note

mediant

4th note

subdominant

5th note

dominant

6th note

submediant

7th note

leading tone, or subtonic in natural minor

melodic minor

flat 3rd of major

natural minor-raise 6th and 7th on way up, lower them on way down

harmonic minor

flat 3rd and 6th of major

natural-raise 7th, half step 2-3, 7-8, step and a half between 6-7

natural minor

follows key signature, half step between 2-3, and 5-6, whole step between 7-8

blues scale

flat 3rd and 7th of major—½ step between 2-3 in major, ½ step between 3-4 in minor, starts with pentatonic 

scale starts on 1

ionian

scale starts on 2

dorian

scale starts on 3

phrygian

scale starts on 4

lydian

scale starts on 5

mixolydian

scale starts on 6

aeolian

scale starts on 7

locrian

major scale half steps

3-4, 7-8

major pentatonic

12356, skip 4 and 7 (both would be ½ step)

minor pentatonic

13467, skip 2 and 5

A minor

C major

E minor

G major

B minor

D major

F sharp minor

A major

C sharp minor

E major

G sharp minor

B major

D sharp minor

F sharp major

A sharp minor

C sharp major

D minor

F major

G minor

B flat major

C minor

E flat major

F minor

A flat major

B flat minor

D flat major

E flat minor

G flat major

A flat minor

C flat major