CH 3 | Careers in Health care

What % of the American workforce are in health care

13

What is driving the growth of the health care industry

immigration, aging population, increased life expectancy

Where are most health care jobs located

hospitals, nursing facilities, physician offices

Define demographic

statistical study of human populations

What is the affordable care act

(2010) aimed to provide coverage to all Americans and to prevent healthcare costs

What does the ACA emphasize

prevention and primary care

What are examples of chronic diseases

Ischemic heart disease, stroke, chronics obstructive pulmonary disease, digestive lung cancer, diabetes

What are examples of acute diseases

Pneumonia, Diarrhoeal, Neonatal, Tuberculosis, HIV, Malaria, Maternal

What is the role of physicians

evaluate, diagnose, treat patients

How are physicians licensed

Licensure: MD allopathic or DO osteopathic | Accredited medical school

What is Allopathic medicine

A system of medical practice that emphasis diagnosing and treating conventional methods (drugs and surgery)

What is osteopathic medicine

holistic and comprehensive approach and utilizes musculoskeletal manipulation

what does nbme stand for

National Board of Medical Examiners

what does nbome stand for

National board of Osteopathic Medical examiners

how long are internships and residencies

2-6 years

what do md’s focus on

allopathic, disease-focused, counteractive treatment.

What do DO’s focus on

musculoskeletal focus, holistic

Who are more likely to be generalists

DOS

What are examples of generalists

Family medicine, internal medicine, pediatrics

How do referrals work

PCP reviews the report and take further clinical actions

What does PCP mean

Primary care provider

What do hospitalists focus on

inpatient medicine, hospital based care

What are the roles of hospitalists

manage care during hospitalizations, improve cost-efficiency and length of stay.

How are the hospitalists trained

often from internal medicine, family practice, or pediatrics

What is gatekeeping?

primary care controls access to specialty care

What does longitudinal mean?

involving the repeated observation over time

What does episodic mean

occur at irregular intervals

What do primary doctors focus on

whole patient

What do specialists focus on?

disease/organ system

what does comorbidity mean?

exists simultaneously with another condition

What are the diff work settings for physicians

residents, staff, hospitalists

What does public sector mean

gov agencies, public health clinics, schools, prisons

What are ambulatory visits

family practice

How are physicians maldistributed

state variation

What does maldistribution mean

undersirable inequality

Where do most doctors cluster

in metro/suburban areas to rural and inner cities underserved (less resourced)

why does the US have more specialists than primary care providers

tech advances,higher reimbursement (to pay some back), prestige and work life balance

What are the consequences of having more specialists than primary care providers

higher costs, invasive species, less effective care without primary screening, underserved populations most affected

What does reimbursement mean

to pay some back

What are underserved populations

less served

what is orthodontics

focus on braces

what is periodontics

diseases of gum and teeth

what is prosthodontics

replace missing teeth

What are endodontics

disease of dental pulp

What does pathology mean

branch that studies diseases and causes, effects and development

what is the role of a pharmacist

dispense medications

what type of education do pharmacists need

doctorate in pharmacys for 6 years and licensure exam

what are nuclear pharmacists

make radioactive drugs used in diagnostic imaging for cancers, thyroid diseases

where do pharmacists work

retail; cvs, Walgreens, etc.. Hospitals

how is the traditional role of pharmacists expanding

drug education, drug interactions, prescribing authority

What are optometrists

vision exams, od degree

what are psychologists

mental health, Phd/Psyd

what are podiatrists

food conditions, DPM

what are chiropractors

manual manipulation, DC degree

what is the largest group of health care workers

nurses

what is the role of nurses

physical, emotional, mental patient care

what are the two types of nurses

CNS, NPS

what is a physician assistant

supervised by MD/DO perform exams, treat, prescribe

what is a nurse practitioner

expanded RN role, focus on education and prevention

what is a certified nurse midwife

maternal/obstetric care

what are the values of midwives

improve access in underserved areas, high patient satisfaction, cost-effective

what are some barriers to being a midwife

legal restrictions, reimbursement issues, physician oversight

what percentage of the health care workforce are allied health professionals

60%

what are the two categories of allied health professionals

Technicians/assistants, technologists/therapists

what are technologists and therapists

advanced training, evaluation, planning.

what are the focus of public health

community

what are the focus of public health professionals

biostatistics, epidemiology, health services admin, health education, environmental health

what areas do public health officials focus on

core areas

what is biostatistics 

statistics in regarding to health

what is epidemiology

study of public health and disease

who employs public health officials

schools of public health, gov agencies, NGOS

what are NGOs

nongovernmental organization

what are health service administrators

IT finance board puns CEO

what are top lvl health services administrators

strategic leadership, long terms success

what are mid lvl health service administrators

manage major service

what are entry lvl health service administrators

support, assist managers- front desk