1.5 Research Aims and Questions

This study focuses on developing digital and non-digital HL and literacy practices within multilingual, transnational families in the UK. Applying the FLP theoretical framework based on Spolsky’s tripartite language policy model, this study employs ethnographic methods to investigate language beliefs, strategies and practices. It seeks to answer the following three research questions (RQs):

本研究重点探讨英国多语言跨国家庭中数字和非数字HL及读写实践的发展。本研究运用基于斯波尔斯基三部分语言政策模型的FLP理论框架，采用民族志方法，探究语言信仰、策略和实践。本研究旨在回答以下三个研究问题 (RQ)：

RQ1. What are the HL and literacy expectations and beliefs held by transnational families?

RQ2. How do family members influence and negotiate HL and literacy strategies at home?

RQ3. What are the HL and literacy practices of transnational families at home?

RQ1. 跨国家庭对HL及读写实践的期望和信念是什么？

RQ2. 家庭成员如何影响和协调家庭HL及读写策略？

RQ3. 跨国家庭在家中HL及读写实践是什么？

The first area focuses on empirically documenting the development of HL practices among Chinese–English transnational families and examining the practical and ideological foundations that underpin these practices.

第一个研究领域侧重于实证记录中英跨国家庭HL实践的发展，并探讨这些实践背后的实践和意识形态基础。

Accordingly, this study highlights the significant role that digital technologies play in promoting HL practices and activities within the home. Building on existing studies, it aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of digital HL maintenance and development in these families.

因此，本研究强调了数字技术在促进家庭HL实践和活动方面发挥的重要作用。基于现有研究，本研究旨在全面了解这些家庭中数字母语学习（HL）的维护和发展。

This study is thus divided into two sections with respect to the population investigated. The first section consists of three case studies examining HL practices from the parental perspective (presented in Study I). The second section comprises an ethnographic study that investigates HL practices from the perspective of children and adolescents (presented in Studies II and III; see Section 4 for details on the research design).

因此，本研究根据研究人群分为两部分。第一部分包含三个案例研究，从父母的角度探讨HL实践（见研究一）。第二部分是一项民族志研究，从儿童和青少年的角度探讨HL实践（见研究二和三；研究设计详情见第四部分）。

Although extensive research exists on various aspects of the linguistic lives of first-generation Chinese parents and their families in the UK (e.g. Arnberg, 1981; Boyd, 1998), children and adolescents raised in the UK have received comparatively little scholarly attention. This research gap informs several of the scientific aims and RQs addressed in this study.

尽管目前已有关于英国第一代华裔父母及其家庭语言生活各个方面的广泛研究（例如 Arnberg, 1981; Boyd, 1998），但在英国长大的儿童和青少年受到的学术关注相对较少。这一研究空白为本研究探讨的若干科学目标和研究问题提供了依据。