Nutrition Basics

Digestible Energy

-energy from the feed that animal can use

Dry Matter

contents of the feed after water is removed

Forages

plants or plant parts separated from the grains

Metabolizable energy

-digestible energy - energy lost from urine/gases

*what is actually utilized to maintain the animal

Phase Feeding

adjusting ration as animal develops  

-feed intake increases 

3 Feeding Phases are..

1.Starter*after weaning 

2.Grower 

3.Finisher  

*overtime, nutrient density is going to decrease, nutrient requirements decrease 

Alternative Feed Ingredients: Co-productions

distillers grains

Alternative Feed Ingredients: Insect meal

-crickets 

Alternative Feed Ingredients: uncommon grains + oil seeds 

-beans 

-peas 

Alternative Feed Ingredients: Concentrates + purified proteins 

……

Alternative Feed Ingredients: Anti-biotic growth promoters

-increase feed efficenty + health statute

-helped keep pathogens at bay  

*outlawed in the EU

Alternative Feed Ingredients: Pro/Pre-biotics 

Probiotics: live bacteria that provide health benefits by balancing gut microbiota.

Prebiotics: substrates that promote the growth of beneficial bacteria in the gut.

Alternative Feed Ingredients: Exogenous Enzymes

*popular for monogastric animals

-made by modified micro-organism to enhance nutrient digestion and absorption.

Alternative Feed Ingredients: Beta-agonists 

Ractopamine 

binds enzymes that are responsible for fat* greater lean gain 

Alternative Feed Ingredients: Additives for Ruminants  

Ionophores: 

shifts fermentation, increases feed efficenty + reduced methane 

Dry matter refers to the energy from a feed that an animal can use. true or false

false

When formulating diets, it is important to maximize all feed sources because higher levels of nutrients will always result in improved gains. true or false

false

Match the statements for pre- and pro-biotics.

1. Pro-biotics 2. Pre-biotics

	1		Live bacteria
	1		Fed to improve the composition of the microbiome
	2		Fed to promote growth of beneficial bacteria

Descriptions of exogenous enzymes include...

	Made of modified microorganisms
	Act on substrates in the feed

-Made of modified microorganisms

-

Act on substrates in the feed

The use of essential oils and super dosing minerals have proven to be perfect substitutions for anti-biotics in animal feeds.

false

Beta-agonists work by binding enzymes responsible for ____ metabolism

fat