L5 - Hypertension

What is hypertension commonly known as?

High blood pressure.

At what blood pressure reading is hypertension typically diagnosed?

When blood pressure readings reach 140 over 90 millimeters or higher.

Why is hypertension referred to as a 'silent killer'?

It usually has no notable symptoms until significant damage has occurred.

What lifestyle factors can contribute to the development of hypertension?

Genetics, lifestyle choices, and underlying health conditions such as poor diet and physical inactivity.

What is the difference between hypertensive crisis and hypertensive urgency?

A hypertensive crisis occurs with organ damage, while hypertensive urgency is a severe increase in blood pressure without immediate organ damage.

What key organ systems are affected by chronic uncontrolled hypertension?

The heart, kidneys, eyes, and brain, among others.

What is the first step in diagnosing hypertension?

Accurate and repeated blood pressure measurements.

What is the role of the RAS system in blood pressure regulation?

It helps regulate blood volume and vascular tone.

What are some common symptoms of severe or uncontrolled hypertension?

Headaches, dizziness, blurred vision, shortness of breath, chest pain, and fatigue.

How much can a modest reduction in blood pressure lower the risk of stroke and heart disease?

By 40% for stroke and 25% for heart disease.

What is secondary hypertension and why is it important to consider?

Hypertension that arises from an underlying medical condition; important to consider in younger patients or those with resistant hypertension.

What should be monitored regularly for early detection of hypertension?

Blood pressure readings.

How does obesity contribute to hypertension?

By promoting vascular dysfunction and increasing cardiac workload.

What can chronic hypertension lead to in terms of kidney health?

Chronic kidney disease and potentially requiring dialysis or kidney transplantation.

What is recommended for confirming a hypertensive diagnosis in borderline cases?

Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) over a 24-hour period.

What effect does diabetes have in relation to cardiovascular risk factors?

It is one of the major factors that can increase cardiovascular risk alongside hypertension.

What physiological systems are involved in blood pressure regulation?

Cardiac output, systemic vascular resistance, and the autonomic nervous system.

What should patients with a family history of hypertension do?

Consider regular monitoring of their blood pressure.

How can lifestyle changes impact hypertension management?

They can lead to significant reductions in blood pressure and cardiovascular risk.

What is the significance of early intervention in managing hypertension?

It prevents severe complications such as heart disease, stroke, and kidney failure.

Which demographic is more likely to experience secondary hypertension?

Younger patients under the age of 40.

What is one possible dietary recommendation to manage hypertension?

Reducing salt intake can lower systolic blood pressure.