Lab Chapter 10: Arteries

What are the layers of blood vessels?

3 layers called tunics: tunica intima or interna, tunica media, tunica externa

• Tunica Intima

  • Innermost layer (layer closest to the lumen)

  • Made of simple squamous epithelium (which function is diffusion)

• Tunica Media

  • Middle, muscle layer

  • Contraction causes vasoconstriction: narrows lumen (lumen gets smaller)

  • Relaxation causes vasodilation: widens lumen (lumen gets bigger)

• Tunica externa

  • Outermost layer

  • It anchors vessel to surrounding structures

Why don’t arteries have valves?

Unlike veins, arteries lack this structure bc they are high pressure vessels, so there is no tendency for backflow to occur.

The picture shows an arteries surrounded by 2 veins. Identify what each arrow is pointing to? (Blue, pink, green, yellow)

Blue: Tunica intima

Pink: Tunica media

Yellow: Tunica externa

Green: Venous valves

Compare the tunics of arteries vs veins

Arteries

• Have thicker tunica media and narrower lumen than veins

Veins

• Have thicker tunica externa and larger lumen than arteries. Their tunica media is very thin.

Is this a vein or an artery? Identify the layers labeled by the arrows

The middle hole of the vessel is called what?

- Artery (arteries have a narrower lumen and look tighter than veins, due to their thick tunica media)

- Green: Tunica intima/interna

- Yellow: Tunica media

- Black: Tunica externa

Middle is called the lumen

Is this a vein or an artery? Identify the layers labeled by the arrows

- Vein (notice the large lumen and thin tunica media. The tunica externa is thick)

- Green: Tunica interna

- Red: Tunica media

- Yellow: Tunica externa

Explain process of blood flow in the heart? (Recall)

Right atrium: deoxygenated blood

Left atrium: oxygenated blood

Label each part. What is the function of 3,4,5?

1. Ascending aorta

2. Aortic arch

3. Brachiocephalic artery

• Supplies blood to the right shoulder and arm, and right halves of the neck and head. Notice how it branches off into 11 & 9, which goes to the shoulder (11) and neck (9).

4. Left common carotid artery

• Supplies blood to the left halves of the neck and head

5. Left subclavian artery

• Supplies blood to the left shoulder and arm.

6. Left axillary artery

7. Left vertebral artery

8. Left common carotid artery

9. Right common carotid artery

10. Right vertebral artery

11. Right subclavian artery

12. Right axillary artery

13. Pulmonary trunk

14. Left pulmonary artery

What are the two arteries that supply the brain with blood?

Vertebral arteries and internal carotid arteries

• Vertebral arteries travel straight through vertebrae directly to brain

• Internal carotid arteries enter directly into the skull to the brain

Identify each. What is the function of #5?

Neck/Head

1. Right subclavian artery

2. Right vertebral artery

3. Right common carotid artery

4. Left common carotid artery

5. Left external carotid artery: Supply blood to neck, esophagus, larynx, jaw, and face (external structures of left halves of head and neck).

6. Left facial artery

7. Left vertebral artery

8. Left subclavian artery

Identify each (scroll down)

Arm

1.Right radial artery (on thumb side)

2. Right ulnar artery (on pinky side)

3. Right brachial artery

4. Right axillary artery

Identify each (scroll down). Function of 1, 2&3?

Forearm/Hand

1. Right brachial artery: Supply blood to upper arm

2. Right radial artery: Supply blood to the forearm

3. Right ulnar artery: Supply blood to the forearm

4. Right superficial palmar arch

5. Right metacarpal artery

6. Right digital artery

Identify each. Function of 10, 13?

Abdomen

1. Liver

2. Spleen

3. Right kidney

4. Left gastric artery

5. Splenic artery

6. Common hepatic artery

7. Celiac artery

8. Superior mesenteric artery

9. Abdominal aorta

10. Left renal artery

• Supplies blood to the kidney, so does the right renal artery

11. Inferior mesenteric artery

12. Left common iliac artery

13. Left internal iliac artery

• Supply blood to the pelvic walls and pelvic organs

14. Left external iliac artery

What are the 3 main branches extending from the abdominal aorta? and function?

Celiac trunk/artery #7: Splits into 3 arteries, which supply the spleen (splenic artery #5), stomach (left gastric artery #4), and liver (common hepatic artery #6) with blood.

Superior mesenteric artery #8: Supplies blood to majority of small intestine and large intestine

Inferior mesenteric artery #11: Supplies blood to distal large intestine

Identify (Scroll)

Thigh

1. Left femoral artery

2. Left popliteal artery

Identify (Scroll). Function of 3,4

Leg/Foot

1. Left posterior tibial artery

2. Left anterior tibial artery

3. Left dorsalis pedis artery: Supplies blood to the ankle and dorsal foot

4. Left medial plantar arch: Supplies blood to the plantar foot.

Identify (Scroll). Function of both

Leg/Foot

1. Right dorsalis pedis artery: Supplies blood to the ankle and dorsal foot

2. Right digital artery: Supplies blood to the toes

Identify each part

Thorax/Neck

1. Aortic arch

2. Descending thoracic aorta

3. Brachiocephalic artery

4. Right common carotid artery

5. Left common carotid artery

6. Right pulmonary artery

7. Left pulmonary artery

Identify each part (Scroll). Function of 3. It enters into what part of the body?

Thorax/Neck

1.Right common carotid artery

2.Left common carotid artery

3.Left internal carotid artery: Supplies brain with blood. enters directly into skull

4. Aortic arch

Identify

Abdomen/Pelvis

1. Abdominal aorta

2. Splenic artery

3. Superior mesenteric artery

4. Left common iliac artery

5. Left internal iliac artery

6. Left external iliac artery

Identify

Thorax/Neck

1. Ascending aorta

2. Aortic arch

3. Brachiocephalic artery

4. Left common carotid artery

5. Left subclavian artery

6. Right common carotid artery

7. Right subclavian artery

8. Pulmonary trunk

9. Left pulmonary artery

Identify each (Scroll)

Thorax/Neck

1. Left common carotid artery

2. Left external carotid artery

3. Left internal carotid artery

4. Right common carotid artery

5. Left subclavian artery

6. Right subclavian artery

Identify each

Abdomen/Pelvis

1. Celiac artery

2. Superior mesenteric artery

3. Right renal artery

4. Abdominal aorta

5. Right gonadal artery

6. Inferior mesenteric artery

7. Right common iliac artery

8. Left internal iliac artery

9.Left external iliac artery

10.Left femoral artery

11. Splenic artery

Identify each

Thorax/Neck

1. Ascending aorta

2. Aortic arch

3.Right common carotid artery

4.Left common carotid artery

5. Left subclavian artery

6.Pulmonary trunk

7. Right pulmonary artery

Identify

Thoracic Wall - Internal Surface

1. Left anterior intercostal artery

2. Left internal thoracic artery

3. Right internal thoracic artery

Identify each. Function of 1 &2?

Abdomen

1.Right inferior phrenic artery: Supply diaphragm with blood

2. Left inferior phrenic artery: Supply diaphragm with blood

3. Abdominal aorta

4. Celiac artery

5. Splenic artery

6.Superior mesenteric artery

7.Left common iliac artery

8. Left external iliac artery

Identify each

Thorax

1.Aortic arch

2. Brachiocephalic artery

3. Left common carotid artery

4. Left subclavian artery

5. Descending thoracic aorta

6. Posterior intercostal artery

Identify each

Thoracic Wall - Internal surface

1. Anterior intercostal artery

2. Internal thoracic artery

Identify

Thorax - Deep Dissection

1. Ascending aorta

2. Aortic arch

3. Brachiocephalic artery

4. Left common carotid artery

5. Left subclavian artery

6. Pulmonary trunk

7. Left pulmonary artery

Identify

Thorax - Deeper Dissection

1. Brachiocephalic artery

2. Right subclavian artery

3. Right common carotid artery

4. Left common carotid artery

5. Left subclavian artery

6. Descending thoracic aorta

7. Posterior intercostal artery

Identify each

Lateral Neck and Face - Deeper Dissection

1. Right common carotid artery

2. Right internal carotid artery

3. Right external carotid artery

4. Right facial artery

Identify

Inferior View of the Brain

1. Left vertebral artery

2. Basilar artery

3. Left internal carotid artery

This is a deep shoulder dissection. Identify each

Shoulder - Deeper Dissection

1. Left common carotid artery

2. Left subclavian artery

3. Left vertebral artery

4. Left internal thoracic artery

5. Left axillary artery

6. Left brachial artery

Identify

Hand - Deep Dissection

1. Left radial artery

2. Left ulnar artery

3. Left palmar arch

4. Left metacarpal artery

5. Left digital artery

Identify each

Abdomen - Deep Dissection

1. Liver

2. Gallbladder

3. Pancreas

4. Small intestine

Identify

1. Liver

2. Spleen

3. Splenic artery

4. Left gastric artery

5. Common hepatic artery

6. Abdominal aorta

7. Inferior mesenteric artery

Identify

Abdomen - Even Even Even Deeper Dissection

1. Liver

2. Kidney

3. Celiac artery

4. Superior mesenteric artery

5. Abdominal aorta

6. Right renal artery

7. Left renal artery

8. Left gonadal artery

9. Right gonadal artery

10. Left lumbar artery

11. Inferior mesenteric artery

12. Right common iliac artery

13. Left common iliac artery

14. spleen

Identify

Male Pelvis - Deep Dissection

1. Rectum

2. Left common iliac artery

3. Left external iliac artery

4. Left internal iliac artery

Identify #1 in each picture

A: Left femoral artery

B: Left popliteal artery

C: Left anterior tibial artery

Trace the pathway of blood from the left atrium to the right eye

Left atrium > bicupsid valve > left ventricle > aortic semilunar valve > ascending aorta > aortic arch > brachiocephalic artery > right common carotid artery > right ophthalmic artery

Trace the pathway of blood from the left atrium to the top of the right foot

Left atrium > bicupsid valve > left ventricle > aortic semilunar valve > ascending aorta > aortic arch > descending thoracic aorta > descending abdominal aorta > right common iliac artery > right external iliac artery > right femoral artery > right popliteal artery > right anterior tibial artery > right dorsalis pedis artery