L12&13 brain development, emotions and stress

The Neural tube is a structure that becomes the and the .

spinal cord; brain

The 3 main vesicles of the neural tube are __, __, and __.

Prosencephalon; Mesencephalon; Rhombencephalon

The secondary vesicles are the and from the Prosencephalon.

telencephalon; diencephalon

The __ does not split into secondary vesicles.

Mesencephalon

The Rhombencephalon splits into the and .

Metencephalon; Myelencephalon

The three main parts of the brainstem are the __, __, and __.

Midbrain; Pons; Medulla

The ridges on the brain are called and the grooves are called .

gyri; sulci

The two cerebral hemispheres communicate with each other via the __.

Corpus Callosum

Neural progenitor cells can become __, __, or __.

neurons; astrocytes; oligodendrocytes

Radial neuronal migration is when neurons travel along __ cells.

radial glial

Neurogenesis is the __ of new neurons.

birth

A synapse is a gap between two __.

neurons

Differentiation is when a cell __ in a specific type.

specializes

True or False: Neurogenesis declines with aging.

True

Studies suggest that diet, exercise, and stress can all __ neurogenesis.

modulate

The brain is not finished developing by the time we are __.

born

Teratogenesis can create congenital anomalies introduced by __ agents.

exogenous

The hormone __ signals the brain to reduce appetite.

Leptin

The neurotransmitter __ promotes motivation and reward.

Dopamine

When specific cognitive processes are mostly handled by one side of the brain, this is referred to as __.

lateralization

A stressor disrupts the body's __.

equilibrium

The Paraventricular Nucleus (PVN) is important for __.

stress

The stress response has two parts: the fast component, or __, and the slow component, or __.

alarm reaction; HPA axis

The adrenal medulla is responsible for the __ stress response.

fast, short term

The adrenal cortex is responsible for the __ stress response.

slow, long term.