UNIT 1 : Health and Social Care

Gross motor skills

Large movements using big muscles (e.g., crawling, walking, running, jumping).

Fine motor skills

Small movements involving precise control (e.g., writing, buttoning, cutting).

Growth

Growth in physical such as height,weight, and private parts developing

Development

How human develop by their cognitive, motor skills and etc.

Infancy (0–2 years) Gross and fine motor skills

Gross Motor Skills: Rolling over, sitting, crawling, standing, walking, climbing, throwing ball.
Fine Motor Skills: Grasping objects, picking up toys, pincer grip, feeding self, turning pages, stacking blocks.

Early Childhood (3–8 years) Gross and fine motor skills

Gross Motor Skills: Running, jumping, hopping, skipping, riding tricycle/bike, catching/throwing accurately.
Fine Motor Skills: Drawing, writing letters/numbers, cutting with scissors, using buttons/zips, building with small blocks.

Adolescence (9–18 years) Gross and fine motor skills

Gross Motor Skills: Growth spurt, increased strength, coordination, balance, and stamina; sports and dance skills improve.
Fine Motor Skills: Precise hand–eye control, skilled writing, drawing, makeup, using tools/technology.

Early Adulthood (19–45 years) Gross and fine motor skills

Gross Motor Skills: Physical peak – best strength, reaction time, coordination, and stamina.
Fine Motor Skills: Excellent dexterity and control – detailed work, typing, crafts, or job-specific skills.

Middle Adulthood (46–65 years) Gross and fine motor skills

Gross Motor Skills: Slight decline in strength and flexibility; maintain fitness through activity.
Fine Motor Skills: Still good coordination and control; may slow slightly with age.

Later Adulthood (65+ years) Gross and fine motor skills

Gross Motor Skills: Reduced mobility, balance, and muscle strength; may use walking aids.
Fine Motor Skills: Weaker grip, tremors, difficulty fastening clothes or writing for long periods.

Health visitor role

They come out to visit you/baby to make sure that the baby is healthy and safe. Recording weight and measurement in red book.

Primitive Reflexes

Automatic movements babies are born with — they help them survive and interact with their environment before voluntary control develops.

Postural Reflexes

Develop after primitive reflexes fade — help babies maintain posture, balance, and movement as they grow.

Primary Sexual Characteristics

Present from birth and directly linked to reproduction.

Secondary Sexual Characteristics

Show signs of maturity, not for reproduction

Nature

Development influenced by genetics and inherited traits. eg. eye color, blood type, certain health conditions, basic temperament.

Nurture

Development influenced by environment and life experiences. eg. upbringing, education, culture, relationships, lifestyle, and life events.

What does Gesell’s theory say?

• Kids develop in a fixed order set by genes.

• Example: Babies crawl before they walk.

What is Bandura’s theory?

• We learn by watching and copying others.

• Example: A child learns manners by watching parents.

Genetic predisposition

inherited tendency to develop certain traits, conditions, or diseases due to your genes.

What are genetic factors?

Traits, characteristics, or risks inherited from parents through genes.

What is a genetic disorder?

What is a genetic disorder?

A health condition caused by changes in genes or chromosomes, which may be inherited or occur spontaneously.

ive examples of genetic disorders.

Cystic Fibrosis, Down Syndrome, Huntington’s Disease.

Solitary Play (0–2 years)

• Child plays alone, focused on their own activity.

• Example: Playing with a toy on their own.

Parallel Play (2–3 years)

• Child plays side by side with other children but not directly together.

• Example: Two children play with blocks next to each other, but don’t share or interact.

Associative Play (3–4 years)

• Children start interacting and sharing toys, but play is not fully organised.

• Example: Children building separate towers but talking and sharing blocks.

Cooperative Play (4–6 years+)

• Children play together in an organised way, with rules or shared goals.

• Example: Playing a team game or building a structure together.

What is peer pressure?

Influence from people of the same age or social group to behave in a certain way.

Informal Relationships

these develop within families or significant people in individuals lives.

Formal Relationships

develop in different contexts between people whp are not related or friends

What is foetal alcohol syndrome?

A condition in a baby caused by the mother drinking alcohol during pregnancy.

Maternal Infection

Infections that develop during pregnancy that can lead to miscarriage.

Rubella (German Measles)

• A viral infection that can affect pregnant women and their unborn babies.

Microcephaly

• A birth defect where a baby’s head is smaller than normal due to abnormal brain development.

Congenital Defect

A health condition or abnormality present at birth, affecting the structure or function of the body. eg. Heart defects (e.g., holes in the heart)

Hazard

Something that has the potential to cause harm.

Risk

The likelihood or chance that the hazard will actually cause harm.

What is stand for RIDDOR?

Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations

What is RIDDOR?

: It helps monitor workplace safety and prevent future accidents.