alterations in shape

fusion

Joining of two developing tooth germs, forming a single tooth structure; union of two separate tooth germs before or after calcification

counted as one

unknown

etiology of fusion

primary dentition, before and after calcification, can also be found on permanent dentition

fusion commonly found in

complete fusion - before calcification, crown area

incomplete fusion - after calcification, root area

classification of fusion and meaning

aesthetics

clinical significance of fusion

intentional endodontics

treatment for fusion

gemination

fusion of two teeth from single enamel organ

tried to do another clone

extra teeth pag nag count

unknown

etiology of gemination

aesthetics

clinical significance of gemination

partial cleavage - intentional endodontics and crowning

complete cleavage - no treatment

treatment for gemination

taurodontism / bull like teeth

Elongated crowns or apically distorted furcations resulting in increased apico-occlusal height of pulp chambers

Down syndrome & Klinefelter’s syndrome

etiology of taurodontism

eskimos (11%)

middle eastern population

taurodontism commonly found in

aesthetics

clinical significance of taurodontism

no treatment unless there is an infection

treatment for taurodontism

Talon’s cusp or anterior dens evaginatus

projects lingually from the cingulum of maxillary or mandibular permanent central/lateral incisor

extra cusp

prone to pulp exposure

abrasion

clinical significance of talon’s cusp

endodontic treatment

treatment for talon’s cusp

central incisor

lateral incisor

talon’s cusp commonly found in

Leong’s cusp or posterior dens evaginatus

bilateral, tubercle, accessory cusp or enamel globule located on center of occlusal surfaces between buccal and lingual cusps of premolars (mx/md); often bilateral

DEAD

LITTLE MOUNTAIN

endodontic treatment

treatment for Leong’s cusp

premolars

Chinese descent

leong’s cusp commonly found in

tooth dies due to extra cusp that is prone to infection

clinical significance of leong’s cusp

dens invaginatus or dens indente

deep pit, tooth within a tooth; invagination in the surface of a crown before calcification; exaggeration or accentuation/invagination of the lingual pit of incisors; usually bilateral

unknown

etiology of dens invaginatus

prone to carious formation

clinical significance of dens invaginatus

pits and fissure sealant

treatment for dens invaginatus

maxillary central incisors

maxillary lateral incisors

lingual pit

dens invaginatus commonly found in

hutchinson’s incisors or mulberry molars

infection during pregnancy of the mother, result of congenital syphilis (hutchinson’s); mulberry molars caused also by other factors not only congenital syphilis (could be nutritional deficiency or developmental molar)

crown, veneer, composite restoration

treatment for hutchinson’s incisors / mulberry molars