Guest Lectures 2 + 3

Food security

Exists when all people, at all times, have physical + economic access to sufficient, safe + nutritious food that meets their dietary needs + food preferences for an active + healthy life

Food Availability

Sufficient quantities of appropriate + quality food is available from domestic production, commercial imports, food assistance or food reserves on a consistent base

Food stability

Availability of adequate food all the times, thus, certain that access + utilization of appropriate food is not curtailed by any hinderance storages or by emergencies or sudden crises

Food access

People have adequate income or other resources to access appropriate food domestically through home production, buying in local markets or as exchange, gifts, borrowing or as food aid

Food utilization

Food sorting and processing while having sufficient knowldge where they apply nutritional, health, sanitation, socio-cultural well spiritual parameters of food

Food insecurity

Limited or uncertain availability of nutritionally adequate + safe foods or limited or uncertain ability to acquire acceptable foods in socially acceptable ways

• measured as a household level concept

Food price index

A measure of the monthly change in international prices of a basket of food commodities

Chronic food insecurity

Long term or persistent

Occurs when people are unable to meet their minimum food requirements over a sustained period of time

Results from extended periods of poverty, lack of assets and inadequate access to productive or financial resources

Transitory food insecurity

Short term + temporary

Occurs when there is a sudden drop in the ability to produce or access enough food to maintain a good nutritional status

Results from ST shocks + fluctuations in food availability + food access, including year to year variations in domestic food production, food prices and household incomes

Trinidad + Tobago

Economy heavily dependent on the performance of the oil + gas industries; diminished emphasis on the agricultural sector

A net food importing county

Onset of the global food crisis, 2008, food prices soared to exorbitant levels

Study explored the relationship between corporate social irresponsibility + food inaccessibility in terms of food prices

Factors fuelling high food prices + food inaccessibility

• demographic

• Political

• Environmental

• Economic

Inequalities in criminal justice: Statistics

Indigenous people are 10.8% more likely to be incarcerated in Alberta

Over rep is higher when sentenced rather than on remand

Bail used more frequently than remand when non indigenous

Indigenous women are more over represented in provincial custody than men

Cost of incarceration

Alberta spends the lowest amount of money per inmate at $193 a day

Low income individuals have difficulty affording legal counsel bail, a surety payment if being released

Edmonton remand centre is the largest facility in Canada with the lowest cost per inmate

Accessing legal support

Legal aid is used to provide representation to people who cannot afford a lawyer

Government of Alberta reduced their funding to legal aid by $22m

Bill 39: reduces the government’s funding commitment to legal aid Alberta while ordering the Alberta law foundation to provide 50% of their revenue rather than the prior 25% to legal aid

Restorative justice

Focused on the rehabilitation of accused through reconciliation with harmed persons + the larger community

• typically voluntary + aims for accountability, healing and reintegration rather than punitive measures

Corporate social irresponsibility

When a company’s actions cause harm or disadvantages to stakeholders by failing to meet legal, ethical, or societal expectations

• deliberate or negligent failure to act responsibly

• Ex. Manipulating food production and engaging in speculation, pricing games, hoarding activities and food dumping

Concentric circles model (CSR)

Economic responsibility at the core → legal → ethical → philanthropic

• suggests that business involvement progresses from core economic activities to broader, more voluntary actions aimed at addressing social problems