AP ART HISTORY CRAM

Major Works Units 1-10

Apollo 11 Stones

Artist / Culture: Prehistoric Africa (Namibia)

Time Period: 25,500-25,300 BCE

Medium: Charcoal on stone
Significance: Oldest known African art, shows early symbolic thinking
Themes: Identity, Innovation

Great Hall of the Bulls

Artist / Culture: Paleolithic Europe

Time Period: 15,000 BCE

Medium: Rock painting
Significance: Ritualistic, shows understanding of movement and narrative
Themes: Religion, Identity

Stonehenge

Artist / Culture: Neolithic Europe

Time Period: 2500–1600 BCE

Medium: Sandstone
Significance: Astronomical alignment, ritual burial site
Themes: Religion, Innovation

Palette of Narmer

Artist / Culture: Ancient Egypt

Time Period: 3000 BCE

Medium: Greywacke
Significance: Unification of Egypt, early hieroglyphs
Themes: Power, Identity

Seated Scribe

Artist / Culture: Ancient Egypt

Time Period: 2620–2500 BCE

Medium: Painted limestone
Significance: Realistic, individual portrait of a middle-status figure
Themes: Identity, Innovation

Parthenon

Artist / Culture: Iktinos and Kallikrates / Ancient Greece

Time Period: 447–432 BCE

Medium: Marble
Significance: Idealized structure, celebrates Athena and Greek democracy
Themes: Power, Religion, Innovation

Augustus of Prima Porta

Artist / Culture: Roman

Time Period: Early 1st c. CE

Medium: Marble
Significance: Political propaganda, divine lineage
Themes: Power, Identity

Santa Sabina

Artist / Culture: Early Christian Rome

Time Period: 422–432 CE

Medium: Brick, stone, wooden roof
Significance: Early basilica church, transition to Christian architecture
Themes: Religion, Innovation

Hagia Sophia

Artist / Culture: Anthemius & Isidore / Byzantine

Time Period: 532–537 CE

Medium: Brick, stone, mosaic
Significance: Dome engineering marvel, sacred Christian space
Themes: Religion, Innovation

Chartres Cathedral

Artist / Culture: Gothic France

Time Period: 1145–1155 CE

Medium: Limestone, stained glass
Significance: Pilgrimage church, Gothic style, divine light
Themes: Religion, Innovation

Arena (Scrovegni) Chapel

Artist / Culture: Giotto / Italy

Time Period: 1305

Medium: Fresco
Significance: Early Renaissance frescoes with emotional realism
Themes: Religion, Innovation

School of Athens

Artist / Culture: Raphael / High Renaissance

Time Period: 1509–1511

Medium: Fresco
Significance: Celebrates classical philosophy and humanism
Themes: Innovation, Identity

Calling of Saint Matthew

Artist / Culture: Caravaggio / Baroque

Time Period: 1597–1601

Medium: Oil on canvas
Significance: Dramatic light, spiritual awakening, realism
Themes: Religion, Innovation

Las Meninas

Artist / Culture: Diego Velázquez / Spanish Baroque

Time Period: 1656

Medium: Oil on canvas
Significance: Court life, viewer engagement, meta-painting
Themes: Power, Identity

The Swing

Artist / Culture: Jean Fragonard / Rococo France

Time Period: 1767

Medium: Oil on canvas
Significance: Light, playful, romantic aristocracy
Themes: Identity, Power

Monticello

Artist / Culture: Thomas Jefferson / American Neoclassical

Time Period: 1768–1809

Medium: Brick, wood, stone
Significance: Enlightenment values, classical influence
Themes: Innovation, Power

Liberty Leading the People

Artist / Culture: Eugène Delacroix / Romantic France

Time Period: 1830

Medium: Oil on canvas
Significance: Allegorical freedom, Revolution of 1830
Themes: Identity, Power

The Starry Night

Artist / Culture: Vincent van Gogh / Post-Impressionist

Time Period: 1889

Medium: Oil on canvas
Significance: Emotional, swirling landscape, mental state
Themes: Identity, Innovation

The Burghers of Calais

Artist / Culture: Auguste Rodin / France

Time Period: 1884–1895

Medium: Bronze
Significance: Public monument, pathos of sacrifice
Themes: Identity, Power

The Two Fridas

Artist / Culture: Frida Kahlo / Mexico

Time Period: 1939

Medium: Oil on canvas
Significance: Dual identity, personal symbolism
Themes: Identity, Innovation

Fountain

Artist / Culture: Marcel Duchamp / Dada

Time Period: 1917

Medium: Readymade porcelain
Significance: Redefines art, shock value
Themes: Innovation, Identity

Vietnam Veterans Memorial

Artist / Culture: Maya Lin / USA

Time Period: 1982

Medium: Granite
Significance: Minimalist, reflective public memorial
Themes: Identity, Innovation, Power

Pink Panther

Artist / Culture: Jeff Koons / Postmodern

Time Period: 1988
Medium: Porcelain
Significance: Satirical consumerism, kitsch
Themes: Identity, Innovation

Electronic Superhighway

Artist / Culture: Nam June Paik / Contemporary

Time Period: 1995
Medium: Mixed media (video, neon)

Significance: Technology, American identity
Themes: Identity, Innovation

Shibboleth

Artist / Culture: Doris Salcedo / Colombia

Time Period: 2007
Medium: Installation (concrete crack)
Significance: Marginalization, immigration
Themes: Identity, Innovation