Proteins and amino acids

Asymmetric carbon

Except for glycine all amino acids have an

Primary protein structure

Sequence of amino acids, determined by covalent bonds (peptide bonds)

Tertiary protein structure

Interactions among R groups or side chains

Elastin

Randomly ordered polypeptide chains

Elastin properties

Can be stretched; has recoil

Elastin solubility

Insoluble in water

Elastin enzymes

Resistant to enzymes

Elastin location

Found in collagen in most connective tissues

Keratin

Proteins of hair, wool, skin, scales, finger/toenails, feathers, horns, claws

Keratin resistance

Resistant to acid, alkali, heat treatment

Keratin enzymes

Resistant to breakdown by digestive enzymes

Fibrinogen

Blood proteins, most are synthesized in the liver

Enzymes

Serve as catalysts for chemical reactions taking place within living systems

Enzymes pathways

Catabolic pathways, anabolic pathways

Enzymes synthesis

DNA, RNA, protein synthesis

Enzymes suffix

Usually end with the suffix -ase

Enzymes reaction

Speeds up rate of reaction without being altered by the reaction

Activation energy

Enzymes, mechanism of action: decreasing activation energy (Does not change change in G)

Antibodies

Passive immunity, active immunity

Passive immunity

Transport across placenta, colostrum

Active immunity

Produced in response to exposure to antigen

Myosin

Contractile proteins, proteins of muscle contraction

Albumin

Blood proteins, most are synthesized in the liver

Insulin

Hormones, examples of protein hormones

Parathyroid hormone

Hormones, examples of protein hormones

Metabolically active peptides growth factor

Insulin-like growth factors, fibroblast growth factor, nerve growth factor

Metabolically active peptides insulin

Bind to insulin receptors, bring about cell response

Metabolically active peptides fibroblast

Released in response to injury, stimulate mitosis of fibroblasts

Metabolically active peptides nerve

Important in growth, maintenance, and survival of target nerve cells

Metabolically active peptides concentration

Concentration and turnover are influenced by age, diet, and various physiological factors