1/99
Looks like no tags are added yet.
Name | Mastery | Learn | Test | Matching | Spaced |
---|
No study sessions yet.
The Immutability of Species
The idea that each individual species on the planet was specially created by God and could never fundamentally change
Microevolution
The theory that natural selection can, over time, take an organism and transform an organism into a more specialized species of the organism
Macroevolution
The hypothesis that processes similar to those at work in microevolution can, over eons of time, transform an organism into a completely different kind of organism
Strata
Distinct layers of rock
Fossils
Preserved remains of once-living organisms
Paleontology
The study of fossils
Structural Homology
The study of similar structures in different species
Ecology
The study of the interactions between living and nonliving things
Population
A group of interbreeding organisms coexisting together
Community
A group of populations living and interacting in the same area
Ecosystem
An association of living organisms and physical environment
Biome
A group of ecosystems classified by climate and plant life
Primary Consumer
An organism that eats producers
Secondary Consumer
An organism that eats primary consumers
Tertiary Consumer
An organism that eats secondary consumers
Ecological Pyramid
A diagram that shows the biomass of organisms at each trophic level
Biomass
A measure of the total dry mass of organisms within a particular region
Transpiration
Evaporation of water from the leaves of plant
Watershed
An ecosystem where all water runoff drains into a single body of water
Greenhouse Effect
The process by which certain gases (primarily water vapor, methane and carbon dioxide) trap heat that would otherwise escape and radiate into space
Invertebrates
Animals that lack a backbone
Vertebrates
Animals that possess a backbone
Spherical Symmetry
An organism possesses __________ symmetry if it can be cut into two identical halves by any cut that runs through the organism's center
Radial Symmetry
An organism possesses __________ symmetry if it can be cut into two identical halves by any longitudinal cut through its center
Bilateral Symmetry
An organism possesses __________ symmetry if it can only be cut into two identical halves by a single longitudinal cut along its center which divides it into right and left halves
Epidermis
An outer layer of cells designed to provide protection
Mesenchyme
The jellylike substance that separates the epidermis from the inner cells in a sponge
Collar cells
Flagellated cells that push water through a sponge
Amoebocytes
Cells that move using pseudopods and preform different functions in different animals
Gemmule
A cluster of cells encased in a hard, spicule-reinforced shell
Polyp
The sessile, tubular form of a cnidarian with a mouth and tentacles at one end and a basal disk at the other
Medusa
A free-swimming cnidarian with a bell-shaped body and tentacles
Epithelium
Animal tissue consisting of one or more layers of cells that have only one free surface, because the other surface adheres to a membrane or other substance
Mesoglea
The jellylike substance that separates the epithelial cells in a cnidarian
Nematocysts
Small capsules that contain a toxin which is injected into prey or predators.
Testes
Organs that produce sperm
Ovaries
Organs that produce eggs
Anterior End
The end of an animal that contains its head
Posterior End
The end of an animal that contains its tail
Circulatory System
A system designed to transport food and other necessary substances throughout a creature's body
Nervous System
A system of sensitive cells that respond to stimuli such as sound, touch and taste
Ganglia
Masses of nerve cell bodies
Hermaphroditic
Possessing both the male and female reproductive organs
Regeneration
The ability to regrow a missing part of the body
Mantle
A sheath of tissue that encloses the vital organs of a mollusk, makes the mollusk's shell and preforms respiration
Shell
A tough, multilayered structure secreted by the mantle, generally used for protection but sometimes for body support
Visceral Hump
A hump that contains a mollusk's heart, digestive and excretory organs.
Foot
A muscular organ that is used for locomotion and takes a variety of forms depending on the animal
Radula
An organ covered with teeth that mollusks use to scrape food into their mouths
Univalve
An organism with a single shell
Bivalve
An organism with two shells
Exoskeleton
A body covering, typically made of chitin, that provides support and protection
Molt
To shed an old outer covering so that it can be replaced with a new one
Thorax
The body region between the head and the abdomen
Abdomen
The body region posterior to the thorax
Cephalothorax
A body region composed of the head and thorax fused together
Compound Eye
An eye made of many lenses, each with a very limited scope
Simple Eye
An eye with only one lens
Open Circulatory System
A circulatory system that allows the blood to flow out of the blood vessels and into various body cavities so that the cells are in direct contact with the blood
Statocyst
The organ of balance in a crustacean
Gonad
A general term for the organ that produces gametes
Complete Metamorphosis
Insect development consisting of four stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult
Incomplete Metamorphosis
Insect development consisting of three stages: egg, nymph, and adult
Vertebrae
Segments of bone or some other hard substance that are arranged into a backbone
Notochord
A rod of tough, flexible material that runs the length of a creature's body, providing the majority of its support
Endoskeleton
A skeleton on the inside of a creature's body, typically composed of bone or cartilage
Bone Marrow
A soft tissue inside the bone that produces blood cells
Axial Skeleton
The portion of the skeleton that supports and protects the head, neck, and trunk
Appendicular Skeleton
The portion of the skeleton that attaches to the axial skeleton and has the limbs attached to it
Closed Circulatory System
A circulatory system in which the oxygen-carrying blood cells never leave the blood vessels
Arteries
Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
Capillaries
Tiny, thin-walled blood vessels that allow the exchange of gases and nutrients between the blood and the cells of the body
Veins
Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart
Olfactory Lobes
The lobes of the brain that receive signals from the receptors in the nose
Cerebrum
The lobes of the brain that integrate sensory information and coordinate the creature's response to that information
Optic Lobes
The lobes of the brain that receive signals from the receptors in the eyes
Cerebellum
The lobe that controls involuntary actions and refines muscle movement
Medulla Oblongata
The lobes that coordinate vital functions, such as those of the circulatory and respiratory systems, and transport signals from the brain to the spinal cord
Internal Fertilization
The process by which the male places sperm inside the female's body, where the eggs are fertilized
External Fertilization
The process by which the female lays eggs and the male fertilizes them once they are outside of the female
Oviparous Development
Development that occurs in an egg that is hatched outside the female's body
Ovoviviparous Development
Development that occurs in an egg that is hatched inside the female's body
Viviparous Development
Development that occurs inside the female, allowing the offspring to gain nutrients and vital substances from the mother through a placenta
Anadromous
A life cycle in which creatures are hatched in fresh water, migrate to salt water as adults, and then go back to fresh water in order to reproduce
Bile
A mixture of salts and phospholipids that aids in the breakdown of fat
Atrium
A heart chamber that receives blood
Ventricle
A heart chamber from which blood is pumped out
Ectothermic
Lacking an internal mechanism for regulating body heat
Hibernation
A state of extremely low metabolism and respiration, accompanied by lower-than-normal body temperatures
Botany
The study of plants
Perennial Plants
Plants that grow year after year
Annual Plants
Plants that live for only one year
Biennial Plants
Plants that live for 2 years
Vegetative Organs
The parts of the plant that are not involved in reproduction
Reproduction Plant Organs
The parts of a plant involved in reproduction
Undifferentiated Cells
Cells that have not specialized in any particular function
Xylem
Nonliving vascular tissues that carries water and dissolves minerals from the roots of a plant to it's leaves
Phloem
Living vascular tissue that carries sugar and organic substances throughout a plant
Leaf Mosaic
The arrangement of leaves on the stem of a plant
Leaf Margin
The characteristics of the leaf edge