Health Issues II - Sleep Disorders

Flashcards covering key terms and definitions related to sleep disorders from the lecture notes.

Polysomnography (PSG)

A comprehensive sleep study used to diagnose sleep disorders, involving monitoring various physiological parameters during sleep.

Circadian Rhythm Disorders

jet lag and shift work

Sleep disorders that occur due to misalignment between an individual’s biological clock and external demands on the sleep cycle.

Insomnia Disorder

is dissatisfaction with sleep, characterized by difficulty falling asleep, difficulty maintaining sleep, or difficulty returning to sleep after awakenings during the night

(at least 3 nights per week for at least three months.)

difficulty falling, staying and returning to sleep

Narcolepsy

extreme daytime sleepiness, marked by recurrent episodes of an irresistible need to sleep, unintentional sleep episodes, or napping. (at least 3 times per week for at least 3 months)

Parasomnias

Disruptive sleep disorders involving abnormal behaviors during sleep, such as sleepwalking, night terrors, and sleep talking.

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

most informative

measures the electrical changes in the brain. the electrodes are placed on the scalp.

Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT)

A test designed to measure daytime sleepiness by assessing how quickly a person falls asleep in a series of short naps.

Hypersomnolence Disorder

A condition characterized by excessive sleepiness despite adequate sleep, affecting daily functioning.

Restless Legs Syndrome

A condition involving uncomfortable sensations in the legs and an irresistible urge to move them, often disrupting sleep.

Sleep-disordered Breathing (Sleep Apnea)

A disorder characterized by repeated interruptions in breathing during sleep, leading to fragmented sleep and excessive daytime sleepiness.

when are sleep disorders considered pathological?

if it negatively impacts your day-day life - if it doesn’t it’s just a sleep disturbance

Electrooculogram (EOG)

eye movement

measures the electrical changes as the eyes rotate in its socket. The electrodes are placed either above and below the eye or left and right of the eye.

Electromyogram (EMG)

muscle tension

measures the electrical changes generated during muscle contraction. The electrodes are placed under the chin.

multiple sleep latentcy test (MSLT)

Actigraphy

Actigraphy

It is a relatively non-invasive method of monitoring human rest/activity cycles

2 Categories of Sleep Disorders

are dyssomnias and parasomnias.

dyssomnia

• Problems in the timing of sleep

• Complaints about the quality of sleep

• entrance into sleep

insomnia

parasomnias

• Abnormal behavioral & physiological events during sleep

• e.g. nightmares, sleep walking, sleep talking

• effects sleeping

narcolepsy requires one of three additional findings:

1. episodes of cataplexy - sudden loss of muscle tone

2. hypocretin - (low orexin)

3. reduced latency to REM - 15 minutes or less

hypnagogic

hallucinations occurring at sleep onset, often experienced during the transition from wakefulness to sleep.

hypnopompic

hallucinations occurring upon waking, often occurring during the transition from sleep to wakefulness.

night terrors

3-4

somnambulism

3 & 4

principles of sleep hygiene

• Sleep in cool, quiet, comfortable place.

• Keep regular sleep-wake schedule.

• When having trouble sleeping at night, avoid daytime

naps.

• Exercise < 4hrs before bed.

• Avoid caffeine, food close to bedtime.

• Make bed a restful heaven for sleep.

• Don’t worry about not getting enough sleep .

• Change sleeping place, if unable to sleep.