Biologie human body

Cell

The basic unit of all living organisms, carrying out life processes.

Cell Membrane

A semi

Cytoplasm

The fluid inside the cell where chemical reactions occur.

Nucleus

The control center of the cell that contains genetic material (DNA).

Mitochondria

Organelles where cellular respiration takes place, producing energy (ATP).

Chloroplast

Organelles in plant cells where photosynthesis occurs.

Photosynthesis

Process in plants that converts light energy into chemical energy (glucose).

Cellular Respiration (Cellandning)

The process where cells break down glucose to release energy (ATP).

Stem Cell

A cell that can divide and develop into many different types of cells.

Tissue

A group of similar cells working together to perform a function.

Organ

A structure made up of different tissues working together to perform a specific task.

Enzyme

A protein that speeds up chemical reactions in the body.

Amylase

An enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates (starch) into glucose.

Pepsin

An enzyme that breaks down proteins into amino acids in the stomach.

Lipase

An enzyme that breaks down fats into glycerol and fatty acids.

Mechanical Digestion

Physical breakdown of food (e.g., chewing).

Chemical Digestion

Chemical breakdown of food molecules by enzymes.

Duodenum (Tolvfingertarm)

The first part of the small intestine where digestion continues with enzymes.

Small Intestine (Tunntarm)

Absorbs nutrients into the blood.

Large Intestine (Tjocktarm)

Absorbs water and forms waste.

Alveoli (Lungblåsor)

Tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs.

Diaphragm

A muscle that helps with breathing by moving up and down.

Circulatory System

Transports oxygen, nutrients, and waste products around the body.

Pulmonary Circulation (Lilla kretsloppet)

Circulation between the heart and lungs.

Systemic Circulation (Stora kretsloppet)

Circulation between the heart and the rest of the body.

Arteries

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.

Veins

Blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart.

Capillaries

Tiny blood vessels where exchanges occur between blood and tissues.

Red Blood Cells

Carry oxygen using hemoglobin.

White Blood Cells

Fight infections and are part of the immune system.

Platelets

Help blood clot to prevent bleeding.

Liver

Filters blood, processes nutrients, and detoxifies chemicals.

Kidneys

Filter waste from the blood and regulate water balance.

Red Bone Marrow

The tissue where blood cells are produced.

Skin

The body’s largest organ that protects against infection and helps control temperature.