INTESTINAL and INTESTINAL TISSUE NEMATODES

(The Giant Roundworm) (Giant Intestinal Roundworm) (Small Intestine) (Man) (Ova) (Embryonated Egg) (Flies and Cockroaches (mechanical vectors) (Ingestion of embryonated eggs)

Ascaris lumbricoides: (______________________)

Common Name	(________)
Habitat	(________)
Final Host	(_________)

Diagnostic Stage	(________)
Infective Stage	(_________)
Vectors	(__________)

Mode of Transmission: (_______________________)

(Ascaris lumbricoides) (15-31 cm x 2-4 mm) (indirectly opens) (curved ventral) (2 copulatory spicules)

(_______________________)

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS:

❖ cylindrical with a tapering anterior end

❖ whitish streaks along entire body length

❖ trilobate lips

ADULT MALE

❖ Measures (__________________)

❖ Buccal vestibule leads to the esophagus

❖ Rectum (____________) through the cloacа

❖ Posterior end is (______________)

❖ has (_________________) but no gubernaculums

(Ascaris lumbricoides) (20-35 cm x 3-6 mm) (Vulvais) (paired genital organs) (passes directly) (straight)

(_______________________)

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS:

❖ cylindrical with a tapering anterior end

❖ whitish streaks along entire body length

❖ trilobate lips

ADULT FEMALE

❖ Measures (_____________)

❖ (________) at the junction of the anterior and middle thirds of the body

❖ Has (_____________)

❖ Rectum (_________) to the anus

❖ Posterior end is (_________)

(55-75 um x 35-50 um) (Ovoid) (coarse lecithin granules) (vitelline membrane) (chorionic layer) (outer albuminoid layer)

Ascaris lumbricoides

FERTILIZED EGG

❖Measures (_____________)

❖ (_______) in shape

❖Unsegmented with (______________)

❖ Shell consists of 3 layers:

❖ (__________________) (innermost)

❖ thick (____________)

❖ (_______________) with mammillations

(Ascaris lumbricoides)

(85-95 um x 42-47 um) (Narrower, longer) (mass) (vitelline membrane)

(_________________________)

UNFERTILIZED EGG

❖Measures (________________)

❖ (___________) and more elongated

❖Contains a (______) of disorganized, highly refractive granules

❖NO (___________)

❖ Thinner shell: inner chorionic and outer albuminoid layer

(Ascaris lumbricoides) (ABSENT) (PRESENT) (Coiled embryo) (present) (absent)

(_______________)

DECORTICATED EGG

❖Outer albuminoid, mammillated layer is (________)

CORTICATED EGG

❖Outer albuminoid, mammillated layer is (_________)

EMBRYONATED EGG

❖ (__________) inside

❖ 3-layered shells may be

(_______), or the outer coat

may be (________)

(The Pinworm) (Pinworm, Seatworm, Social Worm, Society Worm) (Large Intestine) (Man) (Embryonated Egg) (Embryonated Egg) (Inhalation, Ingestion, External Autoinfection, and Sexual Transmission)

Enterobius vermicularis: (________)

Common Names (________________)

Habitat (___________)

Final Host (______)

Diagnostic Stage (____________)

Infective Stage (_____________)

Mode of Transmission: (__________________________________)

(Enterobius vermicularis) (2.5 mm x 0.1-0.2 mm) (cephalic alae) (strongly curved ventrad) (caudal alae)

(_________________)

ADULT MALE

❖ Spindle-shaped

❖ Measures (___________________)

❖ Oral end lacks true mouth but has 3 lips + a pair of laterally cephalic inflations (_________)

❖ Posterior end is (____________) with a single conspicuous spicule

❖ Bursa is greatly reduced but has well developed (__________)

(Enterobius vermicularis) (8-13 mm x 0.3-0.5 mm) (ventrally) (uteri, oviduct, ovarian tubules) (Uteri)

(________________)

ADULT FEMALE

❖ Measures (______________)

❖ Vulva opens (__________)

❖ Vagina is long and extends posteriorly before it joins the paired genital organs:

❖ (_______)

❖ (__________)

❖ (____________)

❖ (_____) tremendously distended

(Enterobius vermicularis) (50-60 um x 20-30 um) ("D"-shaped) (Partially embryonated)

(__________________)

EGG

❖ Measures (_______________)

❖ (________) with thick colorless shell

❖ (________________) when laid

(The Whipworm) (Whipworm) (Large Intestine) (Man) (Ova) (Embryonated Egg)

(Ingestion of Embryonated Egg)

Trichuris trichiura: (_________)

Common Names (_________)

Habitat (________)

Final Host (___)

Diagnostic Stage (______)

Infective Stage (_____________)

Mode of Transmission: (______________)

(Trichuris trichiura) (whip-like anterior end) (Esophagus) (stichocytes) (coiled ) (single lanceolate spicule) (35-50 mm) (straight posterior end) (single ovary) (barrel-shaped, or football-shaped) (unembryonated)

(_______________)

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS:

❖ long, slender, (_____________)

❖ thicker short posterior end

❖ (________): thin, narrow tube surrounded by a column of glandular cells called (_________)

ADULT MALE

❖ caudal extremity is (_______)

❖ (____________) protrudes through a refractile penial sheath which has a bulbous termination covered with recurved spines

ADULT FEMALE

❖ measures (_________)

❖ has a (______________)

❖ has (_________) with vulva at the anterior extremity of the fleshy portion

EGG

❖ (____________) with prominent hyaline bipolar mucus plug

❖ yellow-brown color with a thick shell

❖ (_____________) when passed

(The Pudoc Worm) (Pudoc Worm, Mystery Worm ) (Small Intestine ) (Man ) (Larva and/or Ova ) (Filariform Larva) (raw or undercooked fish or seafood )

Capillaria philippinensis: (__________)

Common Names (_____________________)

Habitat (__________)

Final Host (__________)

Diagnostic Stage (_____________)

Infective Stage (______________)

Mode of Transmission: Ingestion of (____________________) bearing the infective larva

(Migratory birds) (

❖ Freshwater Fish

❖ Brackish Water Fish

❖ Ipon(Hypselotris bipartita)

❖ Birot

❖ Bagsang

❖ Bagtu

❖ BiyangBato

❖ Guppy)

Capillaria philippinensis

TRUE DEFINITIVE HOST

❖ (____________)

INTERMEDIATE HOST

❖

❖

❖

❖

❖

❖

❖

❖

(Capillaria philippinensis) (2.3-3.2 mm x 30 u) (single spicule) (2 pairs of

papillae) (without spines) (2.5-4.3 mm x 47 u) (vulva lip) (unembryonated or

embryonated eggs) (36-45 u x 21 u) (peanut-shaped or guitar-shaped)

(_________________)

ADULT MALE

❖ measures 2.3-3.2 mm x 30 u

❖ has a (_________)

❖ tail with ventrolateral

extensions with (______________)

❖ has spicular

sheath (_________)

ADULT FEMALE

❖ measures (____________)

❖ (_________) is slightly salient, no

flap which is located

Immediately behind esophagus

❖ may contain, in utero,

(_______________________) and

occasionally larvae

EGG

❖ measures (________)

❖ has a striated shell,

(______________) with

flattened bipolar

plug

(Old World Hookworm) (Small Intestine) (Man ) (Ova/Larva) (L3/Filariform Larva (Sheathed) (Skin penetration (direct penetration)

Ancylostoma duodenale: (______________)

Habitat (___________)

Final Host (______)

Diagnostic Stage (____________)

Infective Stage (________________)

Mode of Transmission: (_________________)

(Ancylostoma duodenale) (large buccal capsule) (chitinoid) (teeth) (posterior portion) (cloaca and two spicules) (10-13 x 0.5-0.7 mm) (ovoidal) (single-shelled) () () () (55 65 x 36-40 um) () () () ()

(___________________)

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS:

❖ slightly constricted

anterior end

❖ the (___________)

is heavily reinforced by

"(_________)" material

❖ bilaterally symmetrical

two pairs of (____________)

❖ inner tooth

: small

inconspicuous

accessory median

process on the

dorsal aspect of the

capsule

ADULT MALE

❖ measures 8-11 x 0.4-0.5 mm

❖ (____________) of the body is extended into a campanulate bursa supported by dorsal rays that divide in three digitations (tripartite)

❖ Within the bursa is the (_____________)

ADULT FEMALE

❖ measures (_____________)

❖ has a conical posterior end, with a subterminal, ventrally located anal opening

❖ vulvais situated midventrally

EGG

❖ broadly (__________) in shape

❖ (___________) and colorless , measuring (___________)

❖ formed from a multinucleated mass of protoplasm in the ovarian tubules

(Ancylostoma duodenale) (250-350 x 17 um) (small) (600-700 um) (1:4) (conspicuously striated)

(__________________)

RHABDITIFORM LARVA

❖measures (_______________)

❖ has a long buccal canal and their genital primordium is (_________) and difficult to see

FILARIFORM LARVA

❖measures (______) long

❖ has a pointed tail and a ratio of esophageal to intestinal length of (____)

❖ sheath is not as (______________)

(New World Hookworm) (Small Intestine) (Man) (Ova/Larva) (L3/Filariform Larva (Sheathed) (Skin penetration (direct penetration))

Necator americanus: (____________)

Habitat

(___________)

Final Host

(_______)

Diagnostic Stage

(________)

Infective Stage

(______________)

Mode of Transmission: (_______________)

(Necator americanus) (semilunar cutting) (5-9 x 0.3 mm) (two digitations) (9-11 x 0.4 mm) (Ancylostoma duodenale) (64-76 x 36-40 mm)

(_________________)

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS:

❖ cylindrical in shape

❖ anterior extremity is attenuated and reflexed dorsally

❖ buccal capsule is provided with a ventral and dorsal pairs plates

ADULT MALE: of (____________)

❖ measures (______)

❖ bursais long and wide with dorsal rays that divide in (_________) (bipartite)

❖ copulatory spicules are found and barbed at the tip

ADULT FEMALE:

❖ measures (________)

❖ vulvais situated either in the middle of the body or somewhat anterior to this position

EGG

❖ resembles those of

(______________)

but are somewhat longer

and narrower

❖ measures (__________________)

(Necator americanus) (Ancylostoma duodenale) (smaller) (cylindrical) (conspicuously

striated)

(__________________)

RHABDITIFORM LARVA

❖ indistinguishable from

(________________)

FILARIFORM LARVA

❖ (_______) measures 500-600

um long

❖ (_________) and the esophagus

is broader with definite

constriction

❖ sheath is (_____________)

(Threadworm) (Small Intestine) (Man) (Rhabditiform larva) (L3/Filariform Larva) (chronic and hyperinfection)

Strongyloides stercoralis: (____________)

Habitat: (_________)

Final Host: (________)

Diagnostic Stage: (___________)

Infective Stage: (___________)

Mode of Transmission: Skin penetration and internal autoinfection: (___________)

(Strongyloides stercoralis) (Free living and parasitic) (0.7 mm.) (fusiformin) (copulatory spicules and a gubernaculum) (esophagus)

(___________________)

ADULT MALE:

❖ (__________) are

identical

❖ about (_______) long

❖ (__________) shape and having a

pointed curved tail

❖ it has 2 short equal (________________)

❖ (___________) has a posterior bulb

as in rhabditiform

(Strongyloides stercoralis) (FREE-LIVING) (stout) (uterus) (ventrally) (esophageal bulb) (PARASITIC) (posterior) (without bulb) (thin-shelled) (50-58 x 30-34 um) (rarely seen)

(______________)

ADULT FEMALE (___________):

❖ about 1 mm. long and rather (______)

❖ the (________) has 2 arms

❖ vulva opens (_____)

❖ there is an (______________) similar to that of the male

ADULT FEMALE (______):

❖ measures 2.2 mm. in length

❖ vulva is slightly (________) to the middle of the body

❖ the esophagus is much lengthened and (_________)

EGG

❖ (_______) and resemble

hookworm eggs in appearance

and size

❖ measuring (_________)

❖ very (________)

(180-380 x 14-20 um) (short buccal capsule ) (genital primordium ) (600 x 16 um) (notched ) (1:1 ) (no sheath)

Strongyloides stercoralis

RHABDITIFORM LARVA

❖ measures (____________)

❖ (______________)

❖ prominent (________)

FILARIFORM LARVA

❖ measures (__________)

❖ tail is (_________)

❖ ratio of esophageal length to intestinal length is (____)

❖ (________) present

(Long) (Snake-like) (Small) (Short) (Purposeless) (Large) (Shorter ) (Without) (Sheathed) (Longer) (With) (Unsheathed)

	HOOKWORM	STRONGYLOIDES
Rhabditiform Larva (in feces) A. Buccal cavity B. Motion C. Genital primordium	A. (_____) equal to the width of the body B. (______) C. (_____)	A. (____), equal to 1/2 of the body B. (________) C. (_______)
Filariform Larva (in soil) A. Esophagus B. Tail C. Sheath	A. (_____) B. (_______) notch C. (________)	A. (____) (1/2 of the body length) B. (______) notch (fork-tailed) C. (__________)

(The Muscle Worm) (Muscle Worm, Trichina worm, Garbage Worm) (Small Intestine (Adult) and Striated Skeletal Muscle (Encysted larva) (Pigs) (omnivores/carnivores) (Encysted larva) (Encysted larva) (undercooked or raw meat with encysted larva)

Trichinella spiralis: (____________)

Common Name:

(______________________________)

Habitat

(____________________)

Final Host

(_____) and other mammals that are (__________________)

Diagnostic Stage

(_________)

Infective Stage

(__________)

Mode of Transmission: Ingestion of (______________________________)

(Trichinella spiralis) (white) (1.5 mm) (anterior end) (testes) (cloaca) (2 cone-shaped papillae) (3.9 mm.) (posterior half) (anterior ) (100 u) (6 u) (spear) (10-14 days) (spiral form)

(__________________)

ADULT MALE:

❖ small (_____) worms about (______). long

❖ slender (_______) and the stout posterior half is filled with (_______)

❖ (_______) is located posteriorly and is reversible during copulation

❖ It is guarded by (_____________) which clasp the female during the act

ADULT FEMALE:

❖ about (___) long

❖ the rounded (_________) contains the ovary

❖ vulva is (______) in location

LARVA:

❖ about (____) long and (_____) in

diameter

❖ provided with a (______), a movable

boring apparatus at the anterior

end

❖ it comes to lie along the long

axis of the fiber

❖ grows to about 1mm. in length in

(_________)

❖ assumes the (________) of the

encysted parasite

(Bancroft’s Filarial Worm) (Lymphatic system (adult) and Blood (Microfilaria) (Man) (Mosquito (Female mosquitos of Aedes, Anopheles and Culex) (Microfilaria) (Filariform larva) (Microfilaria) (Bite of an infected arthropod)

Wuchereria bancrofti: (______________)

Habitat: (________________&_______________)

Final Host: (______)

Intermediate Host: (______________________)

Diagnostic Stage (_________)

Infective Stage To Final Host: (_________) and To Intermediate Host: (_________)

Mode of Transmission: (__________________)

(Wuchereria bancrofti) (smooth cuticle) (small sessile papillae) (unarmed) (40 mm) (0.1 mm) (sharply curved tail) (spicules) (80-100 mm. by 0.3mm) (paired) (1 mm)

(________________)

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS:

❖ white, thread-like worms with (__________)

❖ head is swollen and is provided with two rows of (__________)

❖ mouth is (__________)

ADULT MALE

❖ measures up to (_______) long by (_______) in diameter

❖ has a (_____________) with two unequal (__________)

❖ caudal alae is lacking

ADULT FEMALE

❖ twice as long as the male, measuring (__________)

❖ reproductive organs are (_______)

❖ vulva opens anteriorly about (______). from the mouth

(Malayan Filarial Worm, Brugian Filariasis) (Lymphatic system (adult) and Blood (Microfilaria)) (Man ) (Mosquito (Aedes, Anopheles, Mansonia; Coquillettidia) (Microfilaria) (Filariform larva) (Microfilaria ) (infected arthropod)

Brugia malayi: (__________________)

Habitat: (_________________)

Final Host: (_____)

Intermediate Host: (_____________________)

Diagnostic Stage: (____________)

Infective Stage To Final Host: (__________) and To Intermediate Host: (_________)

Mode of Transmission: Bite of an (_______________)

(Brugia malayi) (ADULT WORM) (177-230 um x 5-6 um ) (sheath, long) (nuclei) (subterminal nucleus) (does not)

(_____________)

❖ (___________) -similar to that of Wuchereria bancroft

MICROFILARIA

❖ measures (____________)

❖ has a (_________) cephalic space, a compact column of (________), and a tail with a (________________) separated by a short constriction

❖(__________) exhibit smooth, graceful curves

(River Blindness Worm / Blinding Worm) (Lymphatic system (adult) and Blood (Microfilaria)) (Man) (Mosquito (Black fly or Buffalo Gnat) (Microfilaria) (Filariform larva) (Microfilaria) (infected arthropod)

Onchocerca volvulus: (_____________)

Habitat

(_________________)

Final Host

(_______)

Intermediate Host

Simulium spp such as (_______________)

Diagnostic Stage

(________)

Infective Stage

To Final Host: (___________) and To Intermediate Host: (________)

Mode of Transmission: Bite of an (_________)

(Onchocerca volvulus) (annular

striations) (8 small papillae in 2) (2-4) (tightly curved) (10) (anterior) (250 u) (325 u) (unsheathed) (nuclei) ()

(__________)

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS:

❖ white filiform worms with distinct (________) of the cuticula

❖ at the anterior end are (___________)

circles and a pair of large oval papillae

ADULT MALE

❖ measures (_____) cm. long

❖ has a (______) tail with two spicules of

unequal length

ADULT FEMALE

❖ about (_____) times larger than male

❖ vulva is (________), less than 1 mm. from the head

end

MICROFILARIA

❖ may come in two

different sizes:

➢ (______) long

➢ (_____) long

❖ (___________) and both

the anterior end and

tail are free of (_____)

(African Eye Worm) (Lymphatic system (adult) and Blood (Microfilaria) (Man) (Mosquito (Fruit fly, Tabanid Fly, Deer Fly)) (Microfilaria) (Filariform larva) (Microfilaria) (infected arthropod)

Loa loa: (__________)

Habitat (_________________________)

Final Host (___)

Intermediate Host (Chrysops spp. such as (__________________________)

Diagnostic Stage (__________)

Infective Stage To Final Host: (_____________) and To Intermediate Host: (__________)

Mode of Transmission: Bite of an (_______________)

(Loa loa) (chitinous wart-like nodules) (two lateral and four median papillae) (Wuchereria) (angular, ungraceful) (tip)

(___________)

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS:

❖ the cuticula is covered with (_______)

❖ head has (______________)

❖ Male is about 3 cm. long and the female about 6 cm. long

❖ Male: the tail end is tapered and curved with two spicules of unequal length

MICROFILARIA

❖ Closely resembles

those of (__________)

bancrofti, except for

the following

characteristics:

➢ (___________)

curves of

Loa-loa

➢ its nuclei

extending

to the (_______) of

the tail