CDI

CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION

is an art which deals with the identity and location of the offender and provides evidence of guilt through criminal proceedings.

WHO QUESTIONS

These are questions used to inquire on the identity of the victims or offended party, name of suspect, accomplices, accessories and witnesses of the crime.

WHAT QUESTIONS

The purpose of these types of questions is to find out what happened or what took place before, during and immediately after the commission of the offense.

WHERE QUESTIONS

These are questions that localize the place of the incident- the city or town, the district or barangay, the street or road, the number of the house or building. Where questions are necessary in specifically pinpointing the particular location of the crime scene.

WHEN QUESTIONS

These are questions needed to determine and fix the time, day, month and year when the crime was committed. When questions should be specified and as accurate as possible.

WHY QUESTIONS

These are questions that endeavor to ascertain the motives, causes, antecedents, previous, incidents, related facts,background occurrences that might help explain the commission of the offense.

HOW QUESTIONS

These are designed to help the investigator determine how the crime was committed, the means/tools are employed, the crime was discovered, and the culprit enters the building/room.

Stationary Surveillance /Fixed and Stakeout Surveillance

is used when you know or suspect that a person is at or will come to a known location when you suspect that stolen goods are to be dropped or when informants have told you that a crime is going to be committed.

Technical Surveillance

by the use of communications and electronics gadgets, system and equipment.

Moving Surveillance or Shadowing or tailing

simply the act of following a person.

Informant

any person who gives information to the police authorities relative to a crime.

Informer

is a person who provides information to the police on a regular basis. They are either paid regularly or in a case-to-case basis, or none at all.

Strip or Line Search Method

the searchers will proceed at the same pace along the path parallel to one side of the rectangle.

Double Strip or Grid Method

is a combination of the strip search and is useful for large crime scene.

Spiral or Circular Method

the searchers will follow each other in the path of a spiral, beginning in the outside and spiraling towards the center or vice versa in a clockwise or counter clock-wise direction.

Quadrant of Zone Method

the area to be searched is divided into four quadrants and each searcher is assigned to one quadrant.

Wheel, Radial or Spoke Method

is applicable for area which is considered to be approximately circular or oval. The area is then divided into six quadrants in a pie-like fashion.

CASING

It is the careful inspection of a place or building to determine its suitability for a particular operational purpose. It is also known as the RECONNAISSANCE or RECCE in Military term.

External Casing

close observation and clear description of an area, building or installation, particularly its location, approaches and exits and its immediate vicinity.

Internal Casing

close observation and clear description of the layout of a building, an office or a room etc.

Personal Reconnaissance

most effective method and will produced the most info since you know what you're looking for.

Map Reconnaissance

it may not sufficient but it can produce a certain amount of usable information

Research

more information can be acquired best used with other methods.

Prior Information

those records in your file unit that may provide valuable information.

Hearsay

Information usually gain by the person operating in the area and performing casing job.

Interrogator

person who does the questioning

Source

a person who for any reason submits information of intelligence interest usualy on a voluntary basis

Suspect

a person who for any reason believed to be associated with prohibited activity

Witness

any person who has direct knowledge of facts concerning an event. or activity

Interrogee

any person/ who is subjected to the interrogation prócess in any of its forms and phases Interrogation report- an oral or written statement of information by the questioning of in interrogee

Personal Reconnaissance

most effective method and will produced the most info since you know what you're looking for.

CONFESSION

is the direct acknowledgement of guilt arising from the commission of a crime.

Extra Judicial Confession

those made by the suspect during custodial investigation. IN WRITING AND MADE WITH THE PRESENCE OF HIS COUNSEL.

Judicial Confession

those made by the accused in open court. The plea of guilt may be during arraignment or in any stage of the proceedings where the accused changes his plea of not guilty to guilty.

PHOTOGRAPHING THE CRIME SCENE

The main objective crime scene photography is to create an accurate objective visual record of the crime scene before any item ismoved as possible physical evidence.

General View or Long Range

photograph of the over-all scene. Distance: From the doorway to the room and other corners of the room

Mid-Range View

Distance: Eight or ten feet from the victim

Close-up View

every physical evidence must be photographed in close-up view and for different angles.

GOLDEN RULE AT CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION

Never touch, move, or alter any object at the crime scene unless it has been photographed, measured, and sketched from any conceivable angle.

INTERVIEW

Is a conversation with a purpose, motivated by a desire to obtain certain information from the person being interviewed as to what was done, seen, felt, heard, tasted, smell or known. This is the questioning of a person believed to possess knowledge that is in official interest to the investigator.

INTERROGATION

is a questioning of a person suspected of having committed an offense or a person who is reluctant to make full disclosure of information in his possession which is pertinent to the investigation.

I.R.O.N.I.C. FORMAT

The interview of a witness can be described by its acronym ‘IRONIC’ which stands for Identity, Rapport, Opening Statement, Narration, Inquiry, and conclusion.

Identity

prior to the commencement of an interview, the investigator should identify himself to the subject by name, rank and agency. Except, when there is no need to know the officer’s identity.

Rapport

it is good to get the positive feeling of the subject towards the investigators, such friendly atmosphere is a vital for both the subject and the investigator t have a better interaction.

Rapport

it is good to get the positive feeling of the subject towards the investigators, such friendly atmosphere is a vital for both the subject and the investigator t have a better interaction.

Opening Statement

the investigator must have to indicate why the subject is being contracted.

Narration

the witness should be allowed to tell all he knows with little interruptions from the investigator.

Inquiry

after all information have been given by the subject, that is the time for the investigator to as question to clarify him about the case under investigation.

Conclusions

after the interview, it is but proper to close the interview with outmost courtesy and thanking the subject for his cooperation.

Emotional Appeal

Place the subject in the proper frame of mind. The investigator should provide emotional stimuli that will prompt the subject to unburden himself by confiding. Analyze the subject’s personality and decide what motivation would prompt him to tell the truth, and then provide those motives through appropriate emotional appeals.

Sympathetic appeal

The suspect may feel the need for sympathy or friendship when he is apparently in trouble. Gestures of friendship may win his cooperation.

Kindness

The simplest technique is to assume that the suspect will confess if he is treated in a kind and friendly manner.

Extenuation

The investigator indicates he does not consider his subject’s indiscretion a grave offense.

Shifting the blame

The interrogator makes clear his belief that the subject is obviously not the sort of person who usually gets mixed up in a crime like this. The interrogator could tell from the start that he was not dealing with a fellow who is a criminal by nature and choice.

Bluff on a Split Pair

This is applicable when there is more than one suspect. The suspects are separated and one is informed that other has talked.

Pretense of Physical Evidence

The investigator may pretend that certain physical evidence has found by laboratory experts against him.

Jolting

May be applied to calm and nervous subjects by constantly observing the suspects, the investigator chooses a propitious moment to shout a pertinent question and appear as though he is beside himself with rage. The subject may be unnerved to the extent of confessing

SURVEILLANCE

is the secret observation of persons, places,and vehicles for the purpose of obtaining information concerning the identities or activities of the subject.

SURVEILLANT

is the person who maintains the surveillance or performs the observation.

SUBJECT

the person or place being watched or SURVEYED. RABBIT\HARE

KINDS OF SURVEILLANCE

Surveillance of places

Tailing or shadowing

Undercover investigation or roping

One man

extremely difficult and should be avoided, if unavoidable keep subject in view at all times.

Two man

two agents are employed to follow the subject.

ABC method

reduces the risk of losing the subject, affords greater security agents detection.

Progressive/Leap frog method

poor chances of obtaining good results, agents are stations at a fixed point assuming that subject followed the same general route each day.

Combined foot auto surveillance

employment of surveillants on foot and agents in an automobile.

Notes Taking

must be a constant activity throughout the processing of the crime scene.

FUEL

anything that will burn when heated with sufficient oxygen

OXYGEN

aids in combustion; comes from the atmosphere we breath; the atmosphere contains: 21% oxygen, 78% nitrogen and 1% impurities

HEAT

source of ignition

TRIANGLE OF FIRE

For many years, the fire triangle (oxygen, fuel and heat) was taught as the components of fire. While this simple example is useful, it is NOT technically correct.

FIRE TETRAHEDRON

-Oxygen (oxidizing agent)

-Fuel

-Heat-

Self-sustained chemical reaction

Each component must be in place for combustion to occur. Remove one of the four components and combustion will not occur. If ignition has already occurred, the fire is extinguished when one of the components is removed from the reaction.

MODES OF HEAT TRANSFER

Heat is by-product of combustion that is of significant importance to the firefighter.

It is heat that causes fire to sustain its combustion and, more important, to extend. When heat given off as a product of combustion is exposed to an unheated substance, certain changes occur that can make the new substance a contributing factor in extending a fire.

CONDUCTION

heat transfer within solids or between contacting solids

When a hot object transfers its heat, conduction has taken place. The transfer could be to another object or to another portion of the same object. As we have discovered and will be constantly reinforced about, combustion occurs on the molecular level. When an object heats up, the atoms become agitated and begin to collide with one another. A chain reaction of molecules and atoms, like wave energy, occurs and causes the agitated molecules to pass the heat energy to areas of non-heat.

CONVECTION

heat transfer by the movement of liquids or gasses

Air that is hotter than its surroundings rises. Air that is cooler than its surroundings sinks. Air is made up of many molecules floating about freely. Even so, it still has weight. Some molecules are made up of the same element. For example, oxygen in its natural state will combine with another oxygen atom to form a stable oxygen molecule. In a given volume, air at a given temperature will have the same density. When heated, as in conduction theory, the molecules become agitated and begin to collide with one another. In the process, the molecules are demanding more space to accommodate the vibrations and they push into one another as they seek that space. When that happens, the density of a given volume is reduced and it weighs less. Because it weighs less, it rises until it reaches equilibrium-the level at which the weight is the same as the surrounding atmosphere.

RADIATION

heat transfer by electromagnetic waves

The last form of heat transfer occurs by radiation. As we have already seen, heat energy can be transmitted directly when molecules collide with one another and cause the waves of heat energy to travel.

ARSON

the willful and malicious burning of all kinds of buildings and structures including personal properties

INVESTIGATION

an art that deals with the identity and location of the offender and provides evidence of his guilt in criminal proceedings

ELEMENTS OF ARSON

Actual burning took place

Actual burning is done with malicious intent

The actual burning is done by person(s) legally and criminally liable

ALCOHOLISM

Alcohol Dependence Syndrome

Craving

strong need or compulsion to drink

Loss of Control

frequent inability to stop drinking once a person has begun to drink.

Physical Dependence

The occurrence of withdrawal symptoms, such as shakiness and anxiety when alcohol use is stopped.

30 to 60 minutes

Alcohol has its maximum period of absorption from minutes after ingestion and it is absorbed in the stomach and in the intestines.

PD 1067

A created the Philippine Amusement and Gaming Corporation (PAGCOR) and defines legal gambling in the Philippines.

PD 449

Cockfighting Law of 1974

PD 483

Penalizing Betting, Game-fixing or point shaving and Machinations in Sports Contents.

PD 1602

prescribing stiffer penalties on illegal gambling. Informants reward - 20%

RA 9287

An Act increasing the penalties for illegal numbers games, amending certain provisions of P.D. 1602, and for other purposes

RA 10927

Implemented by the Philippine Anti- Money Laundering Council (AMLC) entails special requirements for all Philippine-based casinos to follow.

PROSTITUTION

OLDEST PROFESSION / VICTIMLESS CRIME An act or practice of providing sexual services to another person in return for payment. It is the exchange of money for the performance of sexual act.

Prostitute

Customarily used, to refer to a female person who engages in sex in exchange for money as profession.

Prostitution

Revised Penal Code (Art 202 as amended by RA 10158)

Prostituted Person or Person Exploited in Prostitution

refer to "a woman, man, child or any person with different sexual orientation or gender identity used, employed, or exploited for another person's sexual gratification or pleasure, and for the monetary gain or profit of others." PCW Policy Brief No. 9

Call girls

These are the part time prostitutes. They have their own legitimate work or profession, but works as a prostitute to supplement their income.-WANTS

Hustler

Is the professional type of prostitute. She may be a bar or tavern "pick-up" or a street walker.

Door knocker

This is the occasional or selective type of prostitute. She is usually a new comer in the business. Oftentimes, they are motivated by extreme desire for money due to poverty or to support their other vices.-GIPIT

Factory girls

She works in regular prostitution houses or brothels. She accepts all comers and has nothing to do with the selections and soliciting COSTUME-HINDI NAMIMILI

Philandering

Is having casual/illicit sex with a number of people. It usually refers to men, and often in the context of cheating on a wife or girlfriend.-CHEATING/CHEATER

Administer

any act of introducing dangerous drug into the body of any person, with or without his/her knowledge. committing any act of indispensable assistance to a person in administering a dangerous drug to himself/herself unless administered by a duly licensed practitioner for purpose of medication.