year 7 recap

What is a force?

A push or a pull.

Name two effects a force can have on an object.

Change its shape, speed, or direction.

What force pulls objects towards the Earth?

Gravity.

What force slows down moving objects when they rub together?

Friction.

Which force helps a car tyre grip the road?

Friction.

What unit is force measured in?

Newtons (N).

What happens to an object when balanced forces act on it?

It stays still or moves at a constant speed.

What happens when forces are unbalanced?

The object speeds up, slows down, or changes direction.

What is energy?

The ability to do work.

Name two forms of energy.

Kinetic energy and potential energy.

What energy does a moving object have?

Kinetic energy.

What energy does a stretched spring have?

Elastic potential energy.

What form of energy comes from the Sun?

Light energy (and heat energy).

What energy transformation happens in a torch?

Chemical energy → electrical energy → light energy.

What unit is energy measured in?

Joules (J).

Why do we try to save energy?

To reduce waste and protect the environment.

What is an electric current?

The flow of electric charge.

What device is used to switch a circuit on and off?

A switch.

What component provides energy in a circuit?

A battery (or cell).

What happens if there is a gap in a circuit?

The circuit is broken and electricity cannot flow.

Name one conductor of electricity.

copper

Name one insulator of electricity.

Plastic.

What happens to a bulb in a complete circuit?

It lights up.

What is the symbol used to represent a bulb in a circuit diagram?

A circle with a cross inside.

What type of wave is sound?

A longitudinal wave.

What do sound waves need to travel through?

A medium (solid, liquid, or gas).

Can sound travel through a vacuum?

no

What type of wave is light?

A transverse wave.

Can light travel through a vacuum?

yes

What happens when light reflects off a mirror?

It bounces off.

What is the name for the bending of light as it passes through water or glass?

Refraction.

What causes shadows to form?

Light being blocked by an object.

What is a fair test?

An experiment where only one variable is changed.

Why do scientists repeat experiments?

To make results more reliable.

What is a variable?

Something that can change in an experiment.

What variable is measured in an experiment?

The dependent variable.

What variable is changed in an experiment?

The independent variable.

What should scientists wear to protect their eyes in experiments?

Safety goggles.

Why is it important to record results in a table?

To organise and compare data easily.

Why is science important in everyday life?

It helps us understand the world and develop technology.