Unit 3: Western Expansion

When was the era of Western Expansion?

1877-1893

What is a frontier?

An unsettled area

What is "The West"?

Traditionally, any land west of the Mississippi River

What is a reservation?

A restricted area for Native Americans to live, forced to live there

What were the 2 themes of Western Expansion?

Manifest Destiny, Rugged Individualism

What is Manifest Destiny?

The idea that Americans are destined to settle all land from the original 13 states to the Pacific coast, it was their "God-given right"

What were the negative effects of Manifest Destiny?

Hostility between Americans and Native Americans because they were trying to take their land

What is rugged individualism?

The idea that you can create your own life, by yourself, through individual determination and intelligence

What does rugged individualism imply?

One doesn't need government assistance to create a life for themselves

Who were the type of people that believed in rugged individualism and going west?

Brave people who had nothing to lose (poor)

Did eastern rules apply out west?

No

What were the modern historical critiques of the idea of rugged individualism?

The west could not have been settled without 2 things: Government support, and large businesses

How did the government support the people going out west?

They offered money to settlers, gave free land and military support

Why did the government support people going out west?

Grant wanted to boost the economy and there was opportunities for growth out west

Why does government and large businesses support knock down the idea of Rugged Individualism?

The individuals didn't are it on their own, as the both the businesses and government used their power to help the settlers

How did western expansion promote gun culture?

Ethical eastern rules didn't apply in the west, so people carried guns to protect themselves from Native Americans and competitors

What was the most popular gun in the west?

A colt 45 revolver

Who were the very first people that went west?

Miners

What were the miners looking for in the west?

Gold, Copper, and Silver

What were the first types of towns out in the west?

Mining towns

Who settled west after miners?

Cattle Ranchers

What were 2 big businesses in the west?

Mining and Cattles

Who came west after towns were created?

Doctors, lawyers, bankers, and women

What happened immediately after miners settled?

Environmental Destruction

Who did the west become a refuge for?

Outlaws

Which outlaw helped make the west the "Wild West?"

Jesse James

Which side did Jesse James and his brothers fight for in the Civil War?

The Confederates (South)

Why did Jesse James and his brothers go west?

They were angry when the South lost the war, so they west west and formed a gang to get back at the northerners

What was the name of Jesse James's gang?

"James Gang"

What did the James Gang do?

Robbed trains and killed people

How would Jesse and Frank James rob people on trains?

They would ask them where they are from and if they are from the north they would rob them

After his brother Frank quit, did Jesse James continue committing crimes?

Yes

What did the state of Missouri do in order to get rid of Jesse James?

They offered a reward to kill Jesse James

Where did Jesse James live?

Missouri

Which "coward" killed Jesse James for immunity and money, but was soon killed after?

Coward Robert Ford

What was the only thing that was able to stop a bad guy with a gun in the west?

A good guy with a gun

Which sheriff was known for his punching and gun skills?

Wyatt Earp

What was the job of a sheriff in the west?

A trusted individual that maintains order

What 2 places was Wyatt Earp a sheriff in?

Dodge City, Kansas and Tombstone, Arizona

Why did Wyatt Earp come west?

He was drawn to the west for money

What was the ideal law enforcement in the west?

Someone who was good with guns and punching

Which infamous saloon in Dodge City Kansas contained alcohol and violence?

The Long Branch Saloon

When did Wyatt Earp live in Dodge City, Kansas?

1870s

Why was Long Branch Saloon so popular?

After a long journey of dropping of cattle for money, cowboys would go to the saloon to get alcohol, ladies, and more

Why was Wyatt Earp hired to regulate the long branch saloon?

It was violent

What do the people of Dodge City think of the Long Branch Saloon?

They want to drive it away

Once the Long Branch Saloon was gone, what did Wyatt Earp do?

"Get out of Dodge"

What happened to Dodge City Kansas after they got rid of the Long Branch Saloon?

Along with the bars, the money goes too so they bring it back

Where does Wyatt Earp go after leaving Dodge City?

Tombstone Arizona

When does Wyatt Earp go to Tombstone Arizona?

1881

Why was Wyatt Earp attracted to Tombstone Arizona?

It was the site of a silver mine, and he decided to invest in it

What was Wyatt Earp tasked with once he went to Arizona?

Getting rid of a gang that terrorized the town

What was the name of the gang that terrorized Tombstone Arizona?

The Cowboys

What were the events leading up to the shootout in Tombstone Arizona?

Someone overheard The Cowboys plotting to kill Wyatt Earp at OK Corral, so Wyatt, his friend, and his brothers show up to a shootout

Why does Wyatt Earp go down into legend?

He wasn't hit in the shootout

Where did the shootout between Wyatt Earp and The Cowboys take place?

OK Corrall

Who was in the west before the Americans?

The Spanish

Who had more power than individuals in the west?

Large companies

What happened when outlaws stood up to corrupt companies and government institutions?

They were celebrated as heroes

Who was the outlaw in New Mexico who was celebrated for trying to take down a large company?

Billy the Kid

What is the Mexican perspective of the Mexican American war?

The US took Texas, Arizona, New Mexico, and california

What businesses started in New Mexico after the Mexican American war?

Cattle Ranches

What is the significance of Lincoln, New Mexico?

Where Lawrence Murphy and Billy the kid's story went down

Who was Lawrence Murphy?

He was one of the biggest cattle kings in New Mexico

Who was John Tunstall?

A new, upstart cattle rancher who hired orphaned boys to regulate his ranch

What did John Tunstall call the boys he took in?

His regulators

What did John Tunstall do to the kids he took in?

He educated them and made them more civilized

What was Billy the Kid's real name?

Henry McCarty

Where was Billy the Kid born?

New York

How did Billy the Kid's father die?

He died on trail as they went west

Who did Billy the Kid grow up around?

The spanish

Did billy the kid see the Spanish as civil?

Yes

What does billy the kid do after his mother dies at 14?

He learns how to gamble and kills someone at 14, he becomes a criminal who stole cattle

What was Billy the Kid's fake name?

William H. Bonney

In reality, what was Billy the Kid trying to do while he was on the run?

Survive as a teenager

What happens when Billy the Kid tries to steal John Tunstall's cattle?

He catches him and takes him in as a son

What is the difference of views between Lawrence Murphy and Billy the Kid on John Tunstall's murder?

For Murphy, it was just business as John Tunstall was a threat, but to Billy the Kid he lost his father

Why wasn't Lawrence Murphy arrested after orchestrating John Tunstall's murder?

He payed off the government

What did the Regulators do after John Tunstall's death?

They became a gang of supported outlaws led by Billy the Kid, who killed Murphy men

What is the Lincoln County War?

When Billy the Kid was going around Lincoln, NM and killing Murphy men for revenge

What did New Mexico need in order to become a state?

They needed to get rid of outlaws, including Billy the Kid

What did the governor of New Mexico task billy's friend to do?

Kill him for a lot of money

Who did the governor ask to kill Billy the Kid, who was also Billy's friend?

Pat Garrett

What did the west become a battleground for?

Environmental conservation

Who was John Wesley Powell?

A geologist and scientist who was the first to navigate the Colorado through the Grand Canyon

What is the backstory of John Wesley Powell?

He was born and raised in Ohio and joined the union army and lost his arm

How did John Wesley Powell become famous?

He was the first American to successfully navigate the Colorado river through the Grand Canyon, even though they lost a lot of their food

What did John Wesley Powell do after his expedition?

He joined the government

What did John Wesley Powell conclude about the west?

He identified the east as farming land and the west unsuitable, and published a warning saying not to settle in big numbers because there will be a drought

What did the government promote despite John Wesley Powell's advice?

They promoted western expansion saying if we settle, the rain will come to us

What was it like for women in the west?

They could experience more freedom and break free from traditional gender norms

What was the backstory of Ida B. Wells?

Growing up, 4 of her friends were lynched and she dedicated her life to fighting racism

Who was Ida B. wells?

An investigative Journalist who exposed the ugly truths of racism

What is investigative journalism?

Reports on unknown crimes or serious moral offenses with the goal of brining perpetrators to justice

Who published "Southern Horrors"?

Ida B. Wells

What is a quote associated with "Southern Horrors" by Ida B. Wells?

"The way to right wrongs is to turn the light of truth upon them."

What does NAACP stand for?

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

What is the NAACP?

An organizations that provides legal representation for African Americans

Who were 2 of the founders of the NAACP?

Ida B. Wells, and W.E.B DuBois

What was the backstory of Booker T. Washington?

He was born into slavery, once freed he taught himself how to read and write, then became an educator