APUSH ap test terms

acadians (6)

French residents of nova scotia, disturbed by the British and scattered across America

iroquois (6)

powerful Native American group in the Ohio river valley, colonists wanted them loyal to the british

Albany congress (6)

organized by ben Franklin, wanted to promote colonial unity as well as organize territory and native Americans

proclamation of 1763 (6)

prohibited colonist from moving west of the Appalachian, colonists openly defied this policy

royal veto (7)

British right to repeal any colonial law they didn’t like

non importation agreements (7)

boycott of British goods- caused repeal of the stamp act

admilarly courts (7)

civil cases where defendants were assumed guilty unless they could prove themselves innocent

mercantilism (7)

belief that wealth = power

navigation acts (7)

restricted trace and closed ports

quartering act (7)

forced colonists to put up British soldiers in their homes

declatory act (7)

allowed england to have control over the colonies

stamp act (7)

tax on stamps and other goods, direct tax, caused massive tension

sugar act (7)

tax on sugar, first tax to raise revenue for Britain

intolerable acts/coercive acts (7)

result of the Boston tea party, punished the colonists by closing the ports, reducing colonist power, etc.

Townshend acts (7)

tax on imported paper products, repealed due to opposition

Quebec act (7)

British expanded Canadian territory into the Ohio valley, caused the first battle of the war

mercenaries (8)

soldiers hired to fight in an army for another country

privateering (8)

owning private ships to stalk enemy shipping

loyalists/tories (8)

loyal to British, against revolution

patriots/whigs (8)

supported the american revolution, militiamen

treaty of Paris (1783) (8)

end of the revolutionary war, granted american independence

Sovereignty (9)

power of colonists to create their own government- new stated had to create their own government

Republicanism (9)

government with elected leaders by the people- argument about what this meant

Great compromise (9)

2 house government system, senate and house of reps modern day system, pleased big and small states

Electoral college (9)

system of electing the president based on population size, not the direct votes of the people

The federalist (9)

essays written by John jay and James Madison to sway people to support the constitution

implied powers (10)

powers of the government not specifically in the constitution, like the presidential cabinet

agrarian (10)

government based on farming

excise tax (10)

tax on a specific good

compact theory (10)

belief that individual states are responsible for creating the federal government

lewis and clark (11)

hired by Jefferson to explore the Louisiana purchase because the land was so unknown

patronage (11)

political support was awarded by favors- created a small dem rep population in Jeffersons government

judicial review (11)

idea that Supreme Court judges had the final say on if a matter was unconstitutional

impeachment (11)

charge against the president for illegal acts

non-intercource act (11)

put in place after Jefferson repealed the embargo act- reopened trade with the world except england and france

lousiana purchase (11)

land Jefferson bought from France- went against Jeffersons dem rep policies of following a strict constitution

war hawks (11)

young southern congressmen in 1811 who advocated for a war against England

battle of New Orleans (12)

war won by Andrew Jackson 2 weeks after the treaty to end the war was signed

treaty of Ghent (12)

treaty that ended the war of 1812- nothing lost or gained

hartford convention (12)

convention of federalists- got rid of the party all together in 1814

tariff of 1816 (12)

first protective tariff to protect american goods from british competition

Missouri compromise (12)

compromise made by clay that allowed Missouri to enter the union as a slave state

american system (12)

3 part system created by Henry clay to express ideas of economic nationalism

era of good feelings (12)

huge increase nationalism- america only has one political party

panic of 1819 (12)

first economic crisis under the new constitution

monroe doctrine (12)

the us warning europe to stay out of the Western Hemisphere

corrupt bargain (13)

corrupt election of JQA with bribery from henry clay

spoils system (13)

rewarding political support with jobs

compromise tariff of 1833 (13)

solved nullification crisis, lowered tariff slowly over 8 years

nullification crisis (13)

declared tariff of 1832 null and void in South Carolina, who threatened secession if they were forced to pay the taxes

force bill (13)

forced the army to collect the tariff from South Carolina 

bank war (13)

Jackson removed funds from the national bank and placed them into pet banks

panic of 1837 (13)

economic crisis started by the killing of the national bank and prices of goods

lancaster turnpike (14)

toll- paying highway; attracted trade to Philly and helped western development 

steamboat (14)

first engine boat; lead to the development of 2 way waterways to move things faster and more efficiently

clipper ships (14)

small ships; faster than British ships which gave an advantage to America in trade

pony express (14)

short lived mail service ran by riding horses

know nothing party (14)

people who were opposed to immigration, thought new people would take job opportunities and unbalance the voting system

Erie Canal (14)

linked the Great Lakes to the Hudson River, decreased shipping costs and increased profits

transportation revolution (14)

increase in new forms of transportation, created more and better ways for people and goods to get around

market revolution (14)

transformation from a small economy to a large national industrial network in the 1800s

deism (15)

religion that focused more on science and logic than god 

unitarians (15)

less extreme version of a puritan religion, saw god as a loving father and not a creator 

second great awakening (15)

religious movement that created new churches and denominations of religion, as well as making churches a better place to go where people wanted to go; inspired reform movements

American temperance society (15)

group of people who urged people to stop drinking

maine law of 1851 (15)

outlawed the manufacture and sale of alcohol

transcendentalism (15)

belief that truth transcends the senses and everyone had an inner light

mason Dixon line (16)

informal boundary of the northern free states and southern slave states

gag resolution (16)

banned anti slavery petitions being discussed in congress

uncle toms cabin (16)

book that gave light to the real horrors of slavery

american colonization society (16)

wanted to free slaves and send them back to Africa

slave codes (16)

laws taking the rights of the enslaved population

fiscal bank (17)

bill wanted by whigs to establish a new bank of US. president Tyler vetoed the bill, which got him rejected by the whigs

wilmot proviso (17)

attempted to ban slavery in any new territory from Mexico 

spot resolutions (17)

made by Abraham Lincoln, demanded to know if attacks from Mexico actually happened on American soil

treaty of Guadalupe hidalgo (17)

ended mexican American war- gave US land and established borders

gadsden purchase (18)

US buys strip of land from Mexico for $10 million in 1853- small effort of western expansion

fugitive slave law (18)

huge increase in sectional tension, turned the north into a hunting ground for fugitive slaves, northerners who assisted runaways could be arrested, slaves could not testify and were denied a jury trial

fire eaters (18)

radical southerners who threaten to leave the union if california enters as a free state

ostend manifesto (18)

secret plan for the US to buy cuba from Spain

harriet Beecher stowe (19)

author of uncle tom’s cabin, inspires many northeners to resist the fugitive slave act

pottawomaie creek massacre (19)

john brown and his followers violently attack pro-slavery forces

Lecompton constitution (19)

kansas constitution that was pro slavery, rejected by congress and proved that popular sovereignty didn’t work

Lincoln Douglas debates (19)

lincoln challenged Douglas in the dred scott decision: could slavery be prevented in the territories (dred scott said no)

fort sumpter (20)

first battle of the civil war, confederacy attacked union sending provisions

Morrill tariff act (20)

paid for war and protected northern industry

greenbacks (20)

US paper currency, wanted by republicans and passed by the republican majority congress

national banking act (20)

financial landmark during the war, sought to create a unified banking system

homestead act (20)

set up sale of land in the west and encouraged settlement

battle of bull run (21)

first major battle of the civil war, confederate win, showed north that it would be hard to win the war

battle of antietam (21)

union win but technically a draw, bloodiest battle, pushed the emancipation proclamation

emancipation proclimation (21)

declared the end of slavery in the confederacy but NOT the border states

13th amendment (21)

ended slavery in the United States

battle of Gettysburg (21)

union victory, site of pickets charge, confederacy couldn't invade the north after this

Gettysburg adress (21)

dedicated a cemetery at this battlefield

siege of Vicksburg (21)

union victory, split the confederacy in half by giving the north control of the Mississippi river

copperheads (21)

peace democrats who opposed the war and wanted to negotiate peace

Appomattox courthouse (21)

place where general lee surrendered to general grant

sharecropping (22)

former slaved shared land with their former owners and got a portion of the crops

13th amendment (22)

ended slavery in the United States