Cell Biology

Flashcards covering key concepts in cell biology including cell structures, functions, and specialized cells.

What is the control center of the cell called?

Nucleus

Where does protein production happen in a cell?

Ribosomes

What organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?

Mitochondria

What is the function of the cell membrane?

It regulates which substances can enter and exit the cell.

What substance helps hold the cell's shape and allows organelles to move around?

Cytoplasm

What is the function of vacuoles in plant cells?

They are used for storage and can be permanent and large.

Where does photosynthesis take place in plant cells?

Chloroplasts

What is the cell wall of bacterial cells primarily made of?

Peptidoglycan

What are plasmids in bacterial cells?

Extra genes (DNA) that may be present.

What is a difference between plant and animal cells regarding organelles?

Plant cells have chloroplasts, a cell wall, and large vacuoles, while animal cells do not.

What is a characteristic of red blood cells?

They have a biconcave disc shape to transport oxygen efficiently.

What type of cells are involved in the movement of mucus in the respiratory system?

Ciliated cells

What is the primary function of sperm cells?

To fertilize the egg and they have flagella for movement.

What unique feature does an ovum (egg) have?

It has a large amount of cytoplasm for the growth of an early embryo.

What is the role of nerve cells?

To conduct impulses throughout the body.

What specialized structure do root hair cells have for absorption?

Increased surface area to maximize absorption of water and minerals.

What is the function of palisade cells within a plant?

They maximize photosynthesis by containing many chloroplasts.

What is the significance of cilia on ciliated cells?

They help move mucus and trap debris to keep airways clear.

What is the process called where cells grow and divide?

Cell division.

What type of reproduction produces genetically different offspring?

Sexual reproduction.

What do specialized cells do?

They adapt certain characteristics to perform specific functions.