Non-infectous animal diseases (exam 2)

Differentiate between an Infectious and non-infectious disease. Give a few examples

Infectious disease - any disease caused by a pathogen, may be contagious(Anthrax, Avian Influenza, Salmonella, E. coli, and Lyme disease) 

Non-infectious disease - any disease not caused by a pathogen, non-communicable, numerous etiologies (metabolic disorders (e.g., ketosis), toxicities (e.g., lead or zinc), cancers, nutritional deficiencies, and organ failures)

Are all infectious diseases contagious? Give examples of contagious disease and

infectious (but not contagious) disease.

No, 

Non-contagious (non-infectious) Nutritional Deficiencies: Allergies: Metabolic Disorders: Cancer/Tumors: Genetic Disorders:Poisoning/Toxicity: Chronic Illnesses:

Contagious (infectious) Rabies: Avian Influenza:Canine Influenza: Salmonellosis: Leptospirosis: Parasitic Infections: Anthrax: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE):Kennel Cough: 

Differentiate between differential diagnosis and definitive diagnosis.

Differential diagnosis - list of possible conditions that could be causing patient’s clinical signs

Definitive diagnosis - diagnosis determined to be the cause of patients clinical signs

 Expand this acronym: DAMNITV

acronym used to build a comprehensive differential list, each letter represents one or more categories of disease

Degenerative disease

pathophysiologic change that occurs overtime → deterioration of cells, tissues or organs, more common in older animals, progressive and irreversible

degenerative joint disease (osteoarthritis) degenerative myelopathy, chronic kidney disease

Developmental disease

diseases in animals are non-infectious, often multifactorial conditions (genetics, nutrition, exercise) that interrupt normal skeletal or organic growth in young animals, frequently causing pain and lameness. 

hip dysplasia, osteochondrosis, panosteitis, and hypertrophic osteodystrophy, typically affecting rapidly growing large-breed dogs and horses. 

Congenital

structural or functional abnormalities present from birth hydrocephalus, microphthalmia, atresia,

 Inherited

caused by genetic mutation passed down from parent, signs may be present at birth or deleop later in life

hip dysplasia, polycystic kidney disease, von Willebrand disease

Allergic and autoimmune disease

excessive or inappropriate immune response to innocuous antigen, local or systematic reaction

immune reaction targeting healthy host cells

immune-mediated hemolytic anemia(IMHA) and immune-mediated thrombocytopenia (ITP)

Metabolic disease

caused by disruption to normal metabolic function

diabetes mellitus, ketosis, polysaccharide storage myopathy (PSSM)

Nutritional disease

excessive or insufficient overall nutrition, nutrient deficiency or excess

Neoplastic disease

caused by abnormal cell growth, can be benign or malignant (cancerous)

lipoma, osteosarcoma, lymphoma, melanoma

 Infectious disease

Any disease caused by a pathogen

prion, viral, bacterial, fungal, parasitic

Inflammatory disease

can include any disease that causes inflammation

asthma, meningitis, encephalitis, inflammatory bowel disease, pancreatitis

 Iatrogenic disease

caused by medical intervention

iatrogenic cushing’s disease, fluid overload

 Idiopathic disease

unknown cause

idiopathic epilepsy, idiopathic vestibular syndrome

Traumatic disease

caused by internal or external injury

 Toxic disease

caused by exposure to toxins (endogenous or exogenous) that damage tissues

Vascular disease

any disease affecting blood vessels

hypertension, vasculitis, thromboembolic disease, ischemic injury