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Nervous system
The network of nerve cells and fibres that transmits nerve impulses between parts of the body
Neurones
Basic cells of the nervous system that carry electrical impulses around the body
Electrical impulses
The impulses or signals that are carried by neurones
Central nervous system (CNS)
The brain and the spinal cord
Peripheral nervous system
The parts of the nervous system outside of the brain and spinal cord such as the sensory and motor neurones
Stimulus
A change in an organism's surroundings
Receptors
Special structures that allow living organisms to sense the conditions of their internal or external environment
Sensory neurone
A neurone that carries impulses from the sensory organs to the central nervous system
Coordinator
The central nervous system which formulates a response to a stimulus before sending impulses to an effector
Motor neurone
A neurone that sends impulses from the CNS to an effector
Effector
A structure that acts in response to a stimulus such as muscles which contract or glands which secrete hormones
Response
A reaction to a stimulus
Reflex arc
A shorter nerve pathway involved in a reflex action made up of a sensory neurone, relay neurone and a motor neurone
Relay neurone
A short type of neurone that is involved in reflex actions and is found in the spinal cord
Reflex response
A quick and involuntary reaction to a stimulus such as moving a hand away from a hot object
Synapse
A junction or gap between neurones where information in chemical form is transmitted from one neurone to the next
Neurotransmitter
A chemical that is released from the ends of an active neurone and diffuses across the synapse to other neurones
