Fluid Therapy Pharmacology

These flashcards cover key vocabulary related to fluid therapy and pharmacology, providing definitions and explanations for better understanding.

Acidosis

A condition characterized by an excess of hydrogen ions, leading to a drop in pH below 7.35.

Alkalosis

A condition characterized by a deficiency of hydrogen ions, leading to an increase in pH above 7.45.

Electrolytes

Charged minerals in blood and body fluids essential for various physiological functions.

Hypotension

Abnormally low blood pressure.

Hypertonic

A solution with a higher concentration of solutes compared to another solution, leading to cell shrinkage.

Hypotonic

A solution with a lower concentration of solutes compared to another solution, leading to cell swelling.

Hypovolemia

A decrease in blood volume, leading to inadequate perfusion of tissues.

Maintenance Rate

The rate of fluid administration required to maintain proper hydration.

Osmolarity

Total concentration of solute in a solution.

Replacement

The process of replenishing fluids lost from the body through various means.

Rehydration

The process of restoring lost body fluids.

Resuscitation

Restoration of normal body functions after a state of shock or severe dehydration.

Skin Turgor

The elasticity of the skin, often assessed to determine hydration status.

Tachypnea

Abnormally rapid breathing.

Tonicity

The ability of a solution to initiate water movement across cell membranes.

Osmosis

Movement of water from a region of low solute concentration to a region of high solute concentration across a semipermeable membrane.

pH

A measure of acidity or alkalinity, representing the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution.

Colloids

Large molecular solutions that remain in vascular space and are used to increase blood volume.

Crystalloids

Common fluids that can enter all body fluid compartments and are used for fluid replacement.

Isotonic solutions

Solutions with the same concentration of dissolved particles as blood, used for fluid replacement.

Hypotonic solutions

Solutions with a lower concentration of dissolved particles than blood, used for intracellular hydration.

Hypertonic solutions

Solutions with a higher concentration of dissolved particles than blood, used for specific medical conditions.

Total Body Water (TBW)

The total amount of water in the body, typically comprising about 70% in adults and 80% in young mammals.

Fluid Administration

The process of providing fluids to a patient through various routes such as IV, SQ, or IO.

Transfusion complications

Adverse effects that can occur during or after a blood transfusion.

Shock

A critical condition resulting from insufficient blood flow to the tissues, requiring immediate fluid intervention.