biol 1116 lab

what do most bacterial cell walls contain?

Peptidoglycan

Bacilli

Type of bacteria shaped like a rod

Cocci

Type of bacteria shaped like a sphere

Spirilla

Type of bacteria shaped like a squiggly line

What are gram-positive bacteria?

Bacteria with cell walls with large amounts of peptidoglycan

What are gram negative bacteria?

Bacteria with less peptidoglycan in cell walls

How do gram positive bacteria appear under the microscope?

Violet

How do gram negative bacteria occur under the microscope

Pink or red

Heterocysts

Specialized cells for nitrogen fixation

Cyanobacteria

autotrophic bacteria, commonly known as blue green algae

Nitrogen fixation

The process of incorporating nitrogen from the atmosphere into a form useful for producing amino acids and other molecules

Algae

Plant-like protists

Protozoa

Animal like protists

What is this type of algae called?

Dinoflagellates

What kind of algae is this?

Euglenozoans

What kind of algae is this?

Diatom

Chlorophytes

green algae that are closely related to plants

Unicellular Chlorophytes/green algae

algae that float and stay near the surface to photosynthesize

Euglenozoans

Algae that use a flexible layer of protein bands as a cell wall called a pellicle

Euglenozoans are what?

Mixotrophs, which in sunlight are autotrophic but become heterotrophic without

Dinoflagellates

A type of algae that use flagella to spin through the water

Diatoms

Algae that use a silica wall to protect themselves from predators

What kind of algae is this?

Unicellular chlorophytes

Colonial Chlorophytes

Secrete mucilage for buoyancy

What kind of algae is this?

Colonial algae

Filamentous Chlorophyta

Algae that branch out and form complex bodies

Kinetoplast

An organized mass of DNA

Trypanosoma sp. is what?

A parasitic Protozoa

Pseudopodia

Flowing extensions of the cytoplasm used by some protozoa

Transverse fission

A kind of cell division (different to binary fission)

Plasmodium

Mass of brightly colored cytoplasm in slime molds

Coenocytic

A cell with multiple nuclei

Oomycetes

Group of fungi-like protists

Oospore

Zygote of an oomycete species, serves as a resting spore

Hyphae

Slender filaments of cytoplasm and nuclei

Gametangia

Gamete producing structures

Oogonia

Cell in oomycetes that produces eggs (oospheres)

Antheridia

produces numerous male nuclei in Oomycetes

How do Oomycetes reproduce?

Fertilization tubes made by antherida go down and penetrate oogonia and release male nuclei

Sporangiophores

produces sporangia (spores) in downy mildews

Haustoria

The process of mycelia penetrating host cells and absorbing their nutrients

Mycorrhizae

fungi that benefit plants and soil

Septa

Walls that separate cytoplasm and nuclei into cells in fungi

Conidia

Spores in conidiophores

Budding

Mitosis with an uneven amount of cytoplasm

Fragmentation

The breaking of an organism into one or more pieces

Plasmogamy

The initial union of cytoplasm of two parent mycelia gametes

karyogamy

Union of two haploid nuclei contributed by two gametes in fungi

Dikaryotic cell

Cell with two separate haploid nuclei

Zygospores

Spores produced by zygomycota fungi

Ascus

Diploid cell of ascomycota fungi

Basidium

Diploid structure from Basidiomycota that undergoes meiosis to produce spores

Stolons

Aerial hyphae

Rhizoids

Stolons that come in contact with substrate

Sporangiophores

Erect branches above rhizoids

Sporangia

Asexual reproductive structures on sporangiophores

Conidiophores

Structures that release conidia (spores)

Basidiospores

Spores produced by basidiomycota

Nodules

Part of plant roots where nitrogen fixing bacteria are found

Daughter colonies

Miniature replicates of colonial algae

Sporulation

Process of which any cell of an organism produces a reproductive cell inside its walls

Sporangium

Cell that created spores inside its walls

Zoospores

Spores inside zoosporangia

Conjugation tubes

Tubes between filaments of algae where isogametes migrate through

Ascocarp

Network of asci

Apothecium

Ascocarp shaped like a cup

Cleistothecium

Ascocarp shaped like a sphere

Perithecium

Flask shaped ascocarp

What kind of algae is Ceratium sp.?

Dinoflagellate

What kind of algae is Chlamydonomas sp.?

Unicellular chlorophyte

What kind of algae is Chlorella sp.?

Unicellular chlorophyte

Why is Chlamydonoma sp. different from Chlorella sp.?

It has two flagella

What kind of algae is Eudorina sp.?

Colonial chlorophyte

What kind of algae is Scenedesmus sp.?

Colonial chlorophyte

What makes Scenedesmus sp. unique?

It has spiny projections to help with buoyancy

Ulthorix, Cladophora and Fritschiella sp. are all what?

Filamentous Chlorophyta

What protozoan has pseudopodia?

Amoeba sp.

How do paramecium sp. move?

Cilia

Fructifications

Fruiting bodies produced by slime molds (protists)

Aethalia

A type of fruiting body parallel to Sporangia

Which stage is dominant in Rhizopus Stolonifera?

Saprophyte stage

What phylum is Rhizopus Stolonifera?

Zygomycota

Gametangia produced by male hyphae

Antheridia

Gametangia produced by female hyphae

Ascogonia

Ascospores

Spores from ascomycota

What phylum of fungi is yeast?

Ascomycota

Scientific name for yeast?

Saccharomyces sp.

Peziza sp.

cup fungi!

Morchella sp.

Morels!

Stipe

Mushroom stalk

Pileus

fertile portion of morels, cap

Basidiocarp

Fruiting structure of basidiomycota

Ostiole

Opening for spores in puffball mushrooms

Agaricus

Common genus of sacrophytic fungi

What generation is dominant in mosses?

Haploid gametophyte

Protonema

First phase of moss gametophyte generation

Tubers

Modified rhizomes, stem branches grow into ground and swell up with starch cells

Runners

Horizontal stems in flowering plants that produce roots

Bulbs vs corms

Corms have no storage leaves and store nutrients in the stem instead

Sepals in flowers

Protect internal structures