AP Language and Composition Mock Exam 1

𝗕𝗥𝗢𝗪𝗡

(𝘛𝘩𝘦 𝘧𝘰𝘭𝘭𝘰𝘸𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘱𝘢𝘴𝘴𝘢𝘨𝘦 𝘪𝘴 𝘦𝘹𝘤𝘦𝘳𝘱𝘵𝘦𝘥 𝘧𝘳𝘰𝘮 𝘢𝘯 𝘦𝘴𝘴𝘢𝘺 𝘱𝘶𝘣𝘭𝘪𝘴𝘩𝘦𝘥 𝘪𝘯 2016.)

When I was younger, I used to have the same recurring daydream in gym class.

If we were playing softball, I would dream I hit the ball and sprinted to home plate because I deserve to be there, not because my classmates let me slide—like the puck that glided past the goalie and into the net. I won the game, and everything faded away as a single tear rolled down my cheek—the way athletes cry after a championship win in the movies.

Me, midrun, a smile on my face, because I couldn't believe I was quickly moving.

I have a milder form of cerebral palsy. I walk with a limp. I had given up on the idea of running after surgeries on the right side of my body left me too afr

A spate of high-profile athletic achievements that she finds inspiring

𝗕𝗥𝗢𝗪𝗡

𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐚𝐮𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐫 𝐦𝐨𝐬𝐭 𝐥𝐢𝐤𝐞𝐥𝐲 𝐜𝐡𝐨𝐬𝐞 𝐭𝐨 𝐛𝐞𝐠𝐢𝐧 𝐡𝐞𝐫 𝐚𝐫𝐠𝐮𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐛𝐲 𝐝𝐞𝐬𝐜𝐫𝐢𝐛𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐡𝐞 "𝐫𝐞𝐜𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐝𝐚𝐲𝐝𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐦" (𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐡𝐬 𝟏-𝟑) 𝐢𝐧 𝐨𝐫𝐝𝐞𝐫 𝐭𝐨

immediately direct attention to her mental world and perceptions

𝗕𝗥𝗢𝗪𝗡

𝐈𝐧 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐱𝐭, 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐞𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐝 𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐭𝐡 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐡 ("𝐈 𝐰𝐚𝐥𝐤 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐚 𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐩") 𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐞𝐬 𝐰𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐡 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐟𝐮𝐧𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬?

It elaborates on a term to avoid a potential misunderstanding.

𝗕𝗥𝗢𝗪𝗡

𝐈𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐢𝐟𝐭𝐡 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐡, 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐚𝐮𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐫'𝐬 𝐮𝐬𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐪𝐮𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐬 𝐩𝐫𝐢𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐥𝐲 𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐞𝐬 𝐭𝐨

convey a sense of skepticism about an idea that is described

𝗕𝗥𝗢𝗪𝗡

𝐈𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐡 𝐭𝐡𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐠𝐡 𝐬𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐡 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐡𝐬, 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐚𝐮𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐫 𝐚𝐝𝐯𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐬 𝐡𝐞𝐫 𝐚𝐫𝐠𝐮𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐩𝐫𝐢𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐥𝐲 𝐛𝐲 𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠

a series of comparisons between herself and the athletes she admires

𝗕𝗥𝗢𝗪𝗡

𝐈𝐧 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐱𝐭, 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐚𝐮𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐫'𝐬 𝐫𝐞𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐬 𝐭𝐨 𝐡𝐞𝐫 "𝐛𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐡" (𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐡 𝟏𝟐) 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐡𝐞𝐫 "𝐬𝐦𝐢𝐥𝐞" (𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐡 𝟏𝟓) 𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐞 𝐭𝐨

illustrate how her sense of solidarity with the gymnasts is unconstrained by physical differences

𝗕𝗥𝗢𝗪𝗡

𝐈𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐱𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐩𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐚𝐠𝐞 𝐚𝐬 𝐚 𝐰𝐡𝐨𝐥𝐞, 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐭𝐞𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐡 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐟𝐢𝐟𝐭𝐞𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐡 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐡𝐬 𝐝𝐨 𝐰𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐡 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐠?

Amplify the significance of a comparison by making, then qualifying, an absolute claim

𝗕𝗥𝗢𝗪𝗡

𝐈𝐧 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐱𝐭, 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐢𝐫𝐬𝐭 𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐞𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐭𝐞𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐡 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐡 ("𝐅𝐨𝐫 𝐋𝐞𝐧𝐚 . . . 𝐮𝐧𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐝") 𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐞𝐬 𝐩𝐫𝐢𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐥𝐲 𝐭𝐨

connect the author's insights about her professional life to her broader experiences as a person with cerebral palsy

𝗕𝗥𝗢𝗪𝗡

𝐈𝐧 𝐝𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐚𝐧 𝐞𝐱𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐡 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐡, 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐚𝐮𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐫 𝐮𝐬𝐞𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐩𝐡𝐫𝐚𝐬𝐞𝐬 "𝐛𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐛𝐞𝐬𝐭" 𝐚𝐧𝐝 "𝐬𝐮𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐡𝐮𝐦𝐚𝐧 𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐭𝐡" 𝐩𝐫𝐢𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐥𝐲 𝐭𝐨 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐯𝐞𝐲

belief that the expectation reflects unrealistic demands

𝗕𝗥𝗢𝗪𝗡

𝐈𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐭𝐰𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐲-𝐟𝐢𝐫𝐬𝐭 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐡, 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐚𝐮𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐫'𝐬 𝐮𝐬𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐩𝐡𝐫𝐚𝐬𝐞 "𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐢𝐬𝐧'𝐭 𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐲 𝐚 𝐦𝐢𝐫𝐚𝐜𝐥𝐞" 𝐚𝐝𝐯𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐬 𝐡𝐞𝐫 𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐩𝐮𝐫𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐞 𝐩𝐫𝐢𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐥𝐲 𝐛𝐲

emphasizing that elite black women athletes achieve success through talent and hard work

𝗕𝗥𝗢𝗪𝗡

𝐓𝐡𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐠𝐡𝐨𝐮𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐩𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐚𝐠𝐞, 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐚𝐮𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐫 𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬 𝐞𝐯𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐭𝐨 𝐬𝐮𝐩𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭 𝐰𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐡 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐜𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐦𝐬?

While representation is important, role models can be highly valuable to people who are not identical to them.

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𝗗𝗘 𝗕𝗟𝗜𝗝

(𝘛𝘩𝘦 𝘧𝘰𝘭𝘭𝘰𝘸𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘱𝘢𝘴𝘴𝘢𝘨𝘦 𝘪𝘴 𝘦𝘹𝘤𝘦𝘳𝘱𝘵𝘦𝘥 𝘧𝘳𝘰𝘮 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘱𝘳𝘦𝘧𝘢𝘤𝘦 𝘰𝘧 𝘢 𝘣𝘰𝘰𝘬 𝘱𝘶𝘣𝘭𝘪𝘴𝘩𝘦𝘥 𝘪𝘯 2008 𝘣𝘺 𝘢 𝘨𝘦𝘰𝘨𝘳𝘢𝘱𝘩𝘺 𝘱𝘳𝘰𝘧𝘦𝘴𝘴𝘰𝘳.)

Numerous books and articles published in recent years argue, explicitly as well as implicitly, that the human world today is so mobile, so interconnected, and so integrative that it is, in one prominent and much-repeated assessment, "flat." Ancient and durable obstacles are no more, interaction is global, free trade rules the globe, migration is ubiquitous, and the flow of ideas (and money and jobs) is so pervasive that geography, in the perspective of more than one observer, "is history." The notion that place continues to play a key rol

The uncritical acceptance of an opinion that he finds problematic

𝗗𝗘 𝗕𝗟𝗜𝗝

𝐈𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐩𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐚𝐠𝐞, 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐚𝐮𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐫 𝐦𝐚𝐤𝐞𝐬 𝐰𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐡 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐮𝐦𝐩𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐚𝐛𝐨𝐮𝐭 𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐚𝐮𝐝𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞?

They are familiar with mainstream rhetoric about globalization.

𝗗𝗘 𝗕𝗟𝗜𝗝

𝐈𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐞𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐝 𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐩𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐚𝐠𝐞 ("𝐀𝐧𝐜𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐭 . . . 𝐡𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐲"), 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐬𝐡𝐨𝐫𝐭, 𝐬𝐢𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞 𝐜𝐥𝐚𝐮𝐬𝐞𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐰𝐨𝐫𝐝 𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐲 𝐨𝐧 "𝐡𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐲" 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐯𝐞𝐲 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐚𝐮𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐫'𝐬 𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐦𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐟𝐥𝐚𝐭-𝐰𝐨𝐫𝐥𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐩𝐨𝐧𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬

sound a little too superficial to be true

𝗗𝗘 𝗕𝗟𝗜𝗝

𝐖𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐡 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐛𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐝𝐞𝐬𝐜𝐫𝐢𝐛𝐞𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐡𝐢𝐩 𝐛𝐞𝐭𝐰𝐞𝐞𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐞𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐝 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐡 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐫𝐝 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐡?

Paragraph 3 presents evidence that addresses questions raised in paragraph 2.

𝗗𝗘 𝗕𝗟𝗜𝗝

𝐈𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐢𝐱𝐭𝐡 𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐫𝐝 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐡 ("𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐧𝐞𝐚𝐫-𝐠𝐥𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐥 𝐝𝐢𝐟𝐟𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 . . . 𝐨𝐩𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐞 𝐞𝐟𝐟𝐞𝐜𝐭"), 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐚𝐮𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐫 𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐝𝐢𝐟𝐟𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐄𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐢𝐬𝐡 𝐩𝐫𝐢𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐥𝐲 𝐭𝐨

acknowledge the validity of one element of an argument he generally opposes

𝗗𝗘 𝗕𝗟𝗜𝗝

𝐖𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐡 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐝𝐨𝐞𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐚𝐮𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐫 𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐚𝐬 𝐚𝐧 𝐞𝐟𝐟𝐞𝐜𝐭 𝐨𝐟 "𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐠𝐫𝐞𝐠𝐚𝐭[𝐢𝐧𝐠] 𝐢𝐧 𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐜𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐡𝐢𝐠𝐡 𝐞𝐧𝐯𝐢𝐫𝐨𝐧𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐫𝐢𝐬𝐤" (𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐡 𝟑, 𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝟖) ?

Dangers that disproportionately affect certain communities

𝗗𝗘 𝗕𝗟𝗜𝗝

𝐈𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐞𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐭𝐡 𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐫𝐝 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐡, 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐚𝐮𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐫 𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 "𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐚𝐛𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐜𝐨𝐨𝐫𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐰𝐚𝐫𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐬𝐲𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐦𝐬" 𝐭𝐨 𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐢𝐟𝐲 𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐩𝐨𝐢𝐧𝐭 𝐚𝐛𝐨𝐮𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐞

the hazards of inhabiting certain geographical areas

𝗗𝗘 𝗕𝗟𝗜𝗝

𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐪𝐮𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐬 𝐚𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐩𝐡𝐫𝐚𝐬𝐞 "𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐲" (𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐡 𝟑, 𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝟗) 𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐞 𝐩𝐫𝐢𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐥𝐲 𝐭𝐨

signal a skeptical tone that reflects the author's doubts about the existence of such a community

𝗗𝗘 𝗕𝗟𝗜𝗝

𝐈𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐫𝐝 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐡 ("𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐩𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐨𝐟 𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐜𝐞 . . . 𝐭𝐡𝐫𝐚𝐥𝐥"), 𝐰𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐡 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐛𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐝𝐞𝐬𝐜𝐫𝐢𝐛𝐞𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐞𝐟𝐟𝐞𝐜𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐫𝐞𝐦𝐨𝐯𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐰𝐨𝐫𝐝𝐬 "𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐯𝐚𝐬𝐭 𝐦𝐚𝐣𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐨𝐟"?

The author's claim would be broadened by the removal of a qualification.

𝗗𝗘 𝗕𝗟𝗜𝗝

𝐀𝐭 𝐰𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐩𝐨𝐢𝐧𝐭 𝐢𝐧 𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐝𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐥𝐨𝐩𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐩𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐚𝐠𝐞'𝐬 𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐨𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐝𝐨𝐞𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐚𝐮𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐫 𝐚𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐚𝐭 𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐬?

The first four sentences of the third paragraph ("Not yet . . . even setbacks")

𝗗𝗘 𝗕𝗟𝗜𝗝

𝐈𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐢𝐟𝐭𝐡 𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐭𝐡 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐡 ("𝐀𝐧𝐝 𝐢𝐧 𝐜𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐚𝐢𝐧 . . . 𝐭𝐫𝐮𝐞"), 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐚𝐮𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐫 𝐢𝐭𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐳𝐞𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐛 "𝐢𝐬" 𝐩𝐫𝐢𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐥𝐲 𝐭𝐨 𝐞𝐦𝐩𝐡𝐚𝐬𝐢𝐳𝐞

an area of agreement between himself and another author whose views he has challenged

𝗗𝗘 𝗕𝗟𝗜𝗝

𝐈𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐭𝐡 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐡, 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐚𝐮𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐫 𝐜𝐢𝐭𝐞𝐬 𝐓𝐡𝐨𝐦𝐚𝐬 𝐅𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐝𝐦𝐚𝐧 𝐩𝐫𝐢𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐥𝐲 𝐭𝐨

an area of agreement between himself and another author whose views he has challenged

ㅤ

ㅤ

𝗙𝗜𝗡𝗘𝗠𝗔𝗡

(𝘛𝘩𝘦 𝘧𝘰𝘭𝘭𝘰𝘸𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘱𝘢𝘴𝘴𝘢𝘨𝘦 𝘪𝘴 𝘢𝘯 𝘦𝘹𝘤𝘦𝘳𝘱𝘵 𝘧𝘳𝘰𝘮 𝘢 𝘣𝘰𝘰𝘬 𝘱𝘶𝘣𝘭𝘪𝘴𝘩𝘦𝘥 𝘣𝘺 𝘢 𝘱𝘰𝘭𝘪𝘵𝘪𝘤𝘢𝘭 𝘫𝘰𝘶𝘳𝘯𝘢𝘭𝘪𝘴𝘵 𝘪𝘯 2008.)

A country founded on the principle of individual freedom—"life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness"1—has both a gift and a problem. "No man is an island," the English poet John Donne wrote in the seventeenth century, but in the late eighteenth century, at least in America, you very nearly could be, at least physically. The continent was so immense, the forests so thick, and the land so fertile, that a man could literally live alone. Strictly speaking, if survival was all that mattered, he did not even need a market to sell to. He had everything he needed in the woods, stream

It makes a claim that the passage goes on to defend.

𝗙𝗜𝗡𝗘𝗠𝗔𝗡

𝐈𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐨𝐩𝐞𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞, 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐚𝐮𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐫 𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐮𝐦𝐞𝐬 𝐰𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐡 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐚𝐛𝐨𝐮𝐭 𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐚𝐮𝐝𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞?

They are familiar with the phrase "life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness."

𝗙𝗜𝗡𝗘𝗠𝗔𝗡

𝐈𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐞𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐝 𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐢𝐫𝐬𝐭 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐡 ("𝐍𝐨 𝐦𝐚𝐧 . . . 𝐩𝐡𝐲𝐬𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐲"), 𝐰𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐡 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐛𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐝𝐞𝐬𝐜𝐫𝐢𝐛𝐞𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐚𝐮𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐫'𝐬 𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐨𝐧 𝐉𝐨𝐡𝐧 𝐃𝐨𝐧𝐧𝐞'𝐬 𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧?

He rebuts it by offering a counterexample.

𝗙𝗜𝗡𝗘𝗠𝗔𝗡

𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐫𝐝 𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐢𝐫𝐬𝐭 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐡 ("𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐧𝐭 . . . 𝐚𝐥𝐨𝐧𝐞") 𝐚𝐝𝐯𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐚𝐮𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐫'𝐬 𝐩𝐮𝐫𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐞 𝐛𝐲 𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐟𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭

help define the idea presented in the previous sentence

𝗙𝗜𝗡𝗘𝗠𝗔𝗡

𝐈𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐞𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐝 𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐞𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐝 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐡 ("𝐈𝐧 𝐡𝐢𝐬 𝐟𝐢𝐫𝐬𝐭 . . . 𝐢𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐩𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞"), 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐚𝐮𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐫 𝐢𝐧𝐜𝐥𝐮𝐝𝐞𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐬𝐞𝐭 𝐨𝐟𝐟 𝐛𝐲 𝐝𝐚𝐬𝐡𝐞𝐬 𝐩𝐫𝐢𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐥𝐲 𝐭𝐨

identify the specific occasion on which George Washington delivered his first Farewell Address

𝗙𝗜𝗡𝗘𝗠𝗔𝗡

𝐖𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐡 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐛𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐝𝐞𝐬𝐜𝐫𝐢𝐛𝐞𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐡𝐢𝐩 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐞𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐝 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐫𝐝 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐡𝐬 𝐭𝐨 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐢𝐫𝐬𝐭 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐡?

The second and third paragraphs develop a line of reasoning to support the first paragraph's claim about self-reliance in America.

𝗙𝗜𝗡𝗘𝗠𝗔𝗡

𝐖𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐡 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐛𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐝𝐞𝐬𝐜𝐫𝐢𝐛𝐞𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐡𝐢𝐩 𝐛𝐞𝐭𝐰𝐞𝐞𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐢𝐫𝐝 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐡 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐢𝐫𝐬𝐭 𝐭𝐰𝐨 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐡𝐬?

The third paragraph broadens a concept introduced and described in the first two paragraphs.

𝗙𝗜𝗡𝗘𝗠𝗔𝗡

𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐚𝐮𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐫 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐞𝐬 "𝐚𝐧𝐨𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐫 𝐯𝐢𝐞𝐰" (𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐡 𝟓, 𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝟏) 𝐩𝐫𝐢𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐥𝐲 𝐭𝐨 𝐝𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐥𝐨𝐩 𝐚 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐬𝐭 𝐛𝐞𝐭𝐰𝐞𝐞𝐧 𝐀𝐦𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐧𝐬'

resistance toward government-controlled wealth redistribution versus their openness to participate in voluntary wealth redistribution

𝗙𝗜𝗡𝗘𝗠𝗔𝗡

𝐖𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐡 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐛𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐬 𝐡𝐨𝐰 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐚𝐮𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐫 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐩𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐚𝐠𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐑𝐨𝐛𝐞𝐫𝐭 𝐏𝐮𝐭𝐧𝐚𝐦 𝐯𝐢𝐞𝐰 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐦 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐀𝐦𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐧𝐬 "'𝐛𝐨𝐰𝐥 𝐚𝐥𝐨𝐧𝐞' 𝐦𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐨𝐟𝐭𝐞𝐧" (𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐡 𝟓, 𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝟔) ?

They both acknowledge the validity of the claim, but the author views this development with less despair than does Putnam.

𝗙𝗜𝗡𝗘𝗠𝗔𝗡

𝐈𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐢𝐱𝐭𝐡 𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐢𝐟𝐭𝐡 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐡 ("𝐖𝐞 𝐦𝐚𝐲 . . . 𝐝𝐨 𝐬𝐨"), 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐚𝐮𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐫 𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐜𝐞𝐬 𝐪𝐮𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐬 𝐚𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐩𝐡𝐫𝐚𝐬𝐞 "𝐛𝐨𝐰𝐥 𝐚𝐥𝐨𝐧𝐞" 𝐩𝐫𝐢𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐥𝐲 𝐭𝐨

attribute the phrase to another author

𝗙𝗜𝗡𝗘𝗠𝗔𝗡

𝐈𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐥𝐚𝐬𝐭 𝐭𝐰𝐨 𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐢𝐟𝐭𝐡 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐡, 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐚𝐮𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐫 𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬 𝐖𝐚𝐥𝐭 𝐖𝐡𝐢𝐭𝐦𝐚𝐧 𝐚𝐬 𝐚 𝐟𝐢𝐠𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐰𝐡𝐨

embodies the complex relationship between individualistic and communal thinking in American culture

𝗙𝗜𝗡𝗘𝗠𝗔𝗡

𝐈𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 ("𝐁𝐮𝐭 𝐰𝐡𝐚𝐭 . . . 𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐝"), 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐚𝐮𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐫 𝐢𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐡𝐢𝐩 𝐛𝐞𝐭𝐰𝐞𝐞𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 "𝐭𝐰𝐨 𝐚𝐠𝐞-𝐨𝐥𝐝 𝐀𝐦𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐧 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐩𝐭𝐬" 𝐛𝐲 𝐞𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐨𝐲𝐢𝐧𝐠

coordination to suggest a balance between the two concepts

ㅤ

ㅤ

𝗥𝗢𝗢𝗦𝗘𝗩𝗘𝗟𝗧

(𝘛𝘩𝘪𝘴 𝘱𝘢𝘴𝘴𝘢𝘨𝘦 𝘪𝘴 𝘦𝘹𝘤𝘦𝘳𝘱𝘵𝘦𝘥 𝘧𝘳𝘰𝘮 𝘢 𝘴𝘱𝘦𝘦𝘤𝘩 𝘥𝘦𝘭𝘪𝘷𝘦𝘳𝘦𝘥 𝘪𝘯 1910.)

Let the man of learning, the man of lettered leisure, beware of that queer and cheap temptation to pose to himself and to others as a cynic, as the man who has outgrown emotions and beliefs, the man to whom good and evil are as one. The poorest way to face life is to face it with a sneer. There are many men who feel a kind of twisted pride in cynicism; there are many who confine themselves to criticism of the way others do what they themselves dare not even attempt. There is no more unhealthy being, no man less worthy of respect, than he who either really holds, or feigns to hold, an attitude of sneering disbelief toward all that is great and lofty, whether in achievement or in that nob

disengage from moral responsibility

𝗥𝗢𝗢𝗦𝗘𝗩𝗘𝗟𝗧

𝐈𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐢𝐫𝐬𝐭 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐡, 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐚𝐤𝐞𝐫 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐨𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐞𝐬 𝐚𝐧 𝐚𝐫𝐠𝐮𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐜𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐳𝐞𝐬

"intellectual aloofness" (sentence 5)

𝗥𝗢𝗢𝗦𝗘𝗩𝗘𝗟𝗧

𝐈𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐢𝐫𝐬𝐭 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐡, 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐚𝐤𝐞𝐫 𝐬𝐮𝐠𝐠𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 "𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐦𝐚𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐥𝐞𝐭𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐥𝐞𝐢𝐬𝐮𝐫𝐞" (𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝟏) 𝐡𝐚𝐬 𝐚

choice regarding his attitude toward involvement

𝗥𝗢𝗢𝗦𝗘𝗩𝗘𝗟𝗧

𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐡𝐢𝐩 𝐛𝐞𝐭𝐰𝐞𝐞𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐢𝐫𝐬𝐭 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐬𝐞𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐝 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐡𝐬 𝐢𝐬 𝐛𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐳𝐞𝐝 𝐚𝐬

the juxtaposition of two contrasting personality types

𝗥𝗢𝗢𝗦𝗘𝗩𝗘𝗟𝗧

𝐖𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐡 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐜𝐡𝐨𝐢𝐜𝐞𝐬 𝐚𝐜𝐜𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐥𝐲 𝐝𝐞𝐬𝐜𝐫𝐢𝐛𝐞𝐬 𝐚 𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐠𝐢𝐜 𝐬𝐭𝐲𝐥𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐜 𝐝𝐞𝐜𝐢𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐚𝐤𝐞𝐫 𝐦𝐚𝐤𝐞𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐢𝐫𝐬𝐭 𝐭𝐰𝐨 𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐞𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐝 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐡 ("𝐈𝐭 𝐢𝐬 𝐧𝐨𝐭 . . . 𝐧𝐨𝐫 𝐝𝐞𝐟𝐞𝐚𝐭") ?

Clauses beginning with "who" are used repeatedly to emphasize engaging images of the men under discussion.

𝗥𝗢𝗢𝗦𝗘𝗩𝗘𝗟𝗧

𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐩𝐫𝐢𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐲 𝐩𝐮𝐫𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐬 𝟒 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝟓 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐞𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐝 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐩𝐡 ("𝐀𝐦𝐨𝐧𝐠 . . . 𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐮𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐲 𝐚𝐫𝐞") 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐚𝐤𝐞𝐫'𝐬 𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐨𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐢𝐬 𝐭𝐨

distinguish different types and degrees of uselessness

𝗥𝗢𝗢𝗦𝗘𝗩𝗘𝗟𝗧

𝐇𝐨𝐭𝐬𝐩𝐮𝐫 𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐬 𝐚𝐧 𝐞𝐱𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞 𝐨𝐟

"the men who quell the storm and ride the thunder" (paragraph 2, sentence 7)

𝗥𝗢𝗢𝗦𝗘𝗩𝗘𝗟𝗧

𝐖𝐡𝐢𝐜𝐡 𝐨𝐛𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐛𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐜𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐚𝐤𝐞𝐫'𝐬 𝐚𝐫𝐠𝐮𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐚𝐛𝐨𝐮𝐭 𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐩𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐚𝐠𝐞?

Action without discretion can incur disastrous results.

𝗥𝗢𝗢𝗦𝗘𝗩𝗘𝗟𝗧

𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐩𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐚𝐠𝐞 𝐚𝐬 𝐚 𝐰𝐡𝐨𝐥𝐞 𝐜𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐦𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐥𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐝 𝐜𝐲𝐧𝐢𝐜'𝐬 𝐜𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐟𝐚𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐬 𝐚𝐫𝐞

cowardice and inauthenticity

𝗥𝗢𝗢𝗦𝗘𝗩𝗘𝗟𝗧

𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐚𝐤𝐞𝐫'𝐬 𝐭𝐨𝐧𝐞 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐩𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐚𝐠𝐞 𝐢𝐬 𝐛𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐝𝐞𝐬𝐜𝐫𝐢𝐛𝐞𝐝 𝐚𝐬

critical