unit 7 roots/vocab terms | Quizlet

Functions of the circulatory system

1.) Pumps nutrients and oxygen (O2) using blood to different parts of the body

2.) Maintain body temperature

3.) Supplies body with infection-fighting blood cells

4.) Removes waste products from cells

Components of the circulatory system

Contains the heart and blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries)

cardi/o

Heart

hem/o, hemat/o

Blood

vascul/o

Blood vessel

arteri/o

Artery

phleb/o, ven/o

Vein

Pericardium

Thin, outermost layer of the heart

Myocardium

Muscle part of the heart, the thickest layer

Endocardium

Innermost layer of the heart

Upper Chambers of the heart

Are the ATRIA (atrium for single)

Lower Chambers of the heart

Are the VENTRICLES

Valves

Force the blood to flow in a certain direction

Systemic circulation

Oxygenated blood. From heart to body.

Pulmonary circulation

Deoxygenated blood. From body to heart.

Veins

Carry deoxygenated blood TO THE HEART

Capillaries

Very thin vessels that exchange nutrients with organs

Arteries

Carry oxygenated blood AWAY FROM HEART

Coronary arteries

Provide blood to the HEART muscle. Largest artery.

Pulmonary arteries

Provide blood to the LUNGS and carry deoxygenated blood.

Plasma

91% water and 9% dissolved substances (proteins, gases, hormones, clotting factors, and nutrients)

Formed elements of blood

Contains erythrocytes (red blood cells), leukocytes (white blood cells), and thrombocytes (platelets)

Erythrocytes

Red blood cells. Carry oxygen (O2) around the body

Leukocytes

White blood cells. Fight off infections in the body, known as the immune system.

Thrombocytes

Platelets. Clot blood when there is a rupture

Pericardium

Thin, outermost layer of the heart

Myocardium

muscular, middle layer of the heart

Endocardium

Innermost layer of the heart

systemic circulation

oxygenated blood. From heart to body.

pulmonary circulation

deoxygenated blood. From body to heart.

Arterioles

smallest arteries

Anemia

Lack of hemoglobin that contains iron or lack of erythrocytes

Hemophilia

A genetic condition in which the blood does not clot quickly or at all

Thrombophilia

A genetic condition in which the blood tends to form clots

Deep vein thrombosis

Blood clots form in the deep veins, typically in legs

Pulmonary embolism

A plug or blockage, typically a blood clot, in the pulmonary artery of the lungs

Sickle cell disease

Red blood cells have a crescent shape, and may block blood flow in vessels due to limited flexibility

Leukemia

When your bone marrow starts producing too many or defective white blood cells that start attacking your own self

Dysrhythmia

Abnormal heart beat rhythm. EX: Ventricular fibrillation

ECG/EKG

Electrocardiogram that shows abnormal heart rhythm

Cardiomyopathy

The myocardium dilates/thins or thickens, pumps are inefficient.

Heart failure

A condition where the heart is unable to pump sufficiently.

Coronary artery disease

Caused by atherosclerosis and can lead to myocardial infarction.

Hypercholesterolemia

Excess of cholesterol in the blood.

Hypertension

High blood pressure, expressed as a fraction.

Pericarditis

Inflammation of the pericardium.

Myocarditis

Inflammation of the myocardium.

Endocarditis

Inflammation of the endocardium.