Hormones & Neurotransmitters

Insulin

lowers blood sugars

glucagon

raises blood sugar

growth hormone (GH)

initiates mitosis, growth

thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

stimulates secretion of thyroid hormones

follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

sperm/egg production

lutenizing hormone (LH)

regulates sex hormones

T3 & T4

produced by the thyroid; energy production, responsible for metabolism, mood, and body temperature

thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH)

stimulates pituitary to stimulate thyroid

estrogen

female development

testoterone

male development

progesterone

menstruation, pregnancy, testosterone production

Acetylcholine (Ach)

learning, memory, triggers muscle contractions

Norepinephrine (NE)

regulation of arousal, attention, cognitive function, and stress reactions

Dopamine

pleasure, satisfaction and motivation

Serotonin

sleep, appetite, nausea, migraine, headaches, regulates mood

Histamine

wakefulness, appetite control, learning and memory, ALLERGIC RESPONSE

GABA

primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain

Glutamate

major excitatory neurotransmitter; important in learning and memory

Glycine

primary inhibitory neurotransmitter of the spinal cord

Endorphins

natural opiates (blocks pain)

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

provokes pain and sensation