Freedom as Foundation for Moral Acts

freedom

m is the right to control one's actions based on reason, not desire.

Autonomy

The term________ derives from the Greek term, which translates into self-legislator

autonomy

IT is not to live by the animalistic rules forced on them from birth, but rather to live by the laws that you enforce on yourself

libertarian freedom

______ is not absolute, but in fact, it is the subjugation of oneself to one's wish.

freedom

_________ (independence from being limited by the option of another) to the degree that it can coexist with the freedom of each other following universal law"

state

they cannot legally enforce any specific definition of happiness on its people.

• Freedom of a human being as a member of a state

• Dignity of each person as a subject

• freedom of any member of the commonwealth as a resident

Three Concepts of Freedom

Freedom

it highlighted the autonomous right of all individuals to conceive of happiness in their way

• Individuals have the right to choose one's conduct based on reason, not desire.

• Individuals have to abide by the rules that they follow

• Individuals are independent from being limited by the option of othersto the extent that they may coexist with each other's freedom under universal rule

• Equality is the most among the various freedoms and freedom is the only inherent power. The three concepts of freedom are the freedom of a human being as a member of a state, the dignity of each person as a subject, and the freedom of any member of the commonwealth as a resident

• Individuals have an autonomous right to be happy in their own way, and the intervention of another's freedom means forcing others to be happy.

Kant’'s Philosophy on Freedom

Good will

It is unique as it is always good and retains its moral values even though it fails to achieve its moral intentions

obligation

Kant based the idea of ____ on ethical law

good will

Kant found ______ to be a common moral concept that openly wishes to use certain virtues for moral purposes.

good will

______ is a wider conception than the will of obligation

will of obligation

A will which acts out of obligation can be described as a will which overcomes barriers to the preservation of moral law

Dutiful will

_____ is thus, a special case of good will which is evident under unfavorable conditions

Moreover, Kant’s definition of ______ does not mean that people carry out their duties reluctantly.

perfect duty

The ______ is always true. There seems to be a perfect duty to tell the truth, so we must never lie

Imperfect duty

______ requires flexibility.

Beneficence

______ is an imperfect duty because we are not obligated to be absolutely helpful at all times, but should choose the times and places in which we are.

perfect duty

Kant believes that _____ is more important than an imperfect duty: when a conflict of duty arises, perfect duty must be carried out.

Categorical imperative

it command unconditionally

categorical imperative

it bind us as everyone has a responsibility not to lie, regardless of conditions and even though it is in our interest to do so.

hypothetical imperative

it is one that we must fulfill if we are to satisfy our desires or command conditionally on your having a relevant desire.

maxim

When anyone acts, it's a _____, or a principle.

permissible

For Kant, an act is only _____ if one can have the principle that allows an action to be the universal law by which everybody acts.

objective morality

_________ is fundamental and cannot change depending on the circumstances.

conformity obligations

Kant claimed that humans had to comply with their subjective will with objective rational rules, which he called _________.

priori

Kant believed that the objective rule of reason is a _____, arising outward from rationality.

end in itself

The second interpretation of Kant's Categorical Imperative is to view life as an _______

rational beings

Kant argued that ______ should never be viewed simply as a means to ends. they must also be viewed as ends themselves, demanding equal regard for their own logical motives.

moral obligation

Kant explained this by arguing that _______ is a logical necessity: that which is logical is morally right.

• Goodwill and duty

• perfect and imperfect duties

• categorical imperative vs. hypothetical imperative

• universalizability

• humanity as an end itself

Kant’s Five Moral Philosophies on Morality

goodwill and duty

The ________ where he described it as one of a kind because it is always good and maintain moral values.

categorical imperative

The ________ for him is a rule of behavior that is unconditional or absolute for all agents or persons whose truth or argument does not depend on any purpose or end. C

hypothetical imperative

______ is a rule of behavior relating to a person the idea that only if he or she desires a certain end and has decided to act on that desire. I

hypothetical imperative

the basis of the action to be done is what I want and the means to get it.

categorical imperative

the action to be done does not depend on the result or desire or not conditioned by desire.

theory of universalizability

The ______ centered on the action to be acceptable or permissible, this theory must be applied to all citizens without any contradictions.

Justice

it involves external acts through which an individual may directly or indirectly influence others.

Justice

it does not affect the desires, wishes, or needs of others.

Justice

it is concerned primarily with the nature of interpersonal relationships and not with their substance.

interpersonal relationship

An _______ is more valuable than content. The interpersonal relationship must be voluntary.

just and fair

Being______is not about having influence with other people particularly to those in the higher-ups or those who are considered influential.