MOD Unit 3 Vietnam War

What countries made up Indochina

Loas, Vietnam, Cambodia

why did France control Indochina

For rice and rubber

who created the freedom fighters in Vietnam to combat French Imperialism ? What was the group called ?

Ho Chi Minh

Viet Minh

what divided Vietnam in the 17th Parallel

The Geneva Accords

Who is the leader of N. Vietnam ? Who is the leader of S. Vietnam ?

North - Ho Chi Minh

South - Ngo Dinh Diem

Did Vietnam have an election ?

No, US stopped it when they saw Ho Chi Minh was winning

what is the souther group of freedom fighters agains Ngo Dinh Diem ?

The Vietcong

what was the other name for the Vietcong

The NLF (National Liberation Front)

who else joined the protest agains Diem ?

Peasants and Buddhists

what ship was “Attacked” by Vietnam ?

USS Maddox

how did LBJ convince GOV to go to war ?

By saying the Maddox was attacked first and was attacked twice (Neither was true)

what was made to send America into Vietnam

the Tonkin Gulf Resolution

what did the Tonkin Gulf Resolution do ?

allowed massive deployments of troops to be sent

started the Rolling Thunder program

what was Rolling Thunder ?

American air supremacy

What was Rolling Thunder supposed to do ?

1. Bring up S. Vietnam troops moral up

2. Destroy enemy industries

What was the goal of the VC ? What was the goal of the NVA

To get rid of Diem

To unite all of Vietnam under Ho Chi Minh

3 tactics Vietnam forces used

Punji Traps, Hit and Run, Civilian clothes

What were the tunnels the Vietnamese used ?

Cu Chi Tunnels

What was the jelly like substance used on Villages ?

Napalm

What was the pesticide used that had dangerous after effects ?

Agent Orange

what was going into villages and destroying anything related to VC ?

Search and Destroy

What did low Morale troops do/go to in the war ?

abused Drugs, Alcohol, Fragging

What was Fragging ?

A soldier killing their Superior Officer

What did TV contradict ?

The war, TV said we were losing

Who said we were winning the war ?

William Westmorland

How did LBJ respond to the anti war protests ?

He didnt respond at all, he focused on the war

How would names be drawn for the draft ?

A Lottery

What were 2 ways you could avoid the draft ?

College Deferment and Medical Exemption

what two groups of people couldn’t avoid the draft ?

Black Americans and Blue Collar/poor workers

Who would participate in Protests ?

College students

What group that started at Berkley did protests ?

Free Speech Movement (FSM)

Another group that did Protests (not the FSM)

Students for a Democratic Society (SDS)

Who was the leader of the SDS

Tom Hayden

What speech did Hayden give that was Anti-war/Anti-America ?

The Port Huron Statement

What did LBJ do to combat college deferment ?

Said you had to get good grades for it to count

what group split off from the SDS and was more violent ?

The Weathermen

What was the event where the weather men made and planted bombs in protest ?

The Days of Rage

what two groups of people added legitimacy to Anti War protests ?

Veterans and Folk Singers

Group of three men who made it public that they would rather be put in jail than goto draft ?

The Fort Hood Three

What are Doves ? What are Hawks ?

Doves : Anti-Vietnam

Hawks : for Vietnam, but don’t like how LBJ is doing it

What did SoD Robert McNamara do after LBJ refuses to back out of Vietnam ?

He resigned

what would happen between prisoners in the Hanoi Hilton ?

They would fight as some opposed the war and others endorsed it

What was the surprise attack on US controlled areas of Vietnam ?

The Tet Offensive

Who “won” the Tet Offensive ?

US said we won cause we took control after a day.

VC/NVA says they won cause they didn’t plan to hold it, just lower morale

What was the citizen response to the Tet Offensive ?

The we were losing the war

Who was the 2nd SoD and what did he do after the Tet Offensive ?

Clark Clifford, Resigned

Who Killed MLK jr ?

James Earl Ray

What did MLKs death do ?

Sparked a series of riots called The Long Hot Summer

Who calmed down the rioters in Indianapolis ? What did he say to calm them down ?

Bobby Kennedy

That riots are not what MLK would’ve wanted

What did the speech do to Bobby Kennedys rep ?

Increased his popularity with Black voters

When was Bobby Kennedy killed ? Who Killed Him ? Why ?

After the California Primary

Sirhan Sirhan

Because the Kennedys supported Israel

what did the deaths of MLK, JFK, and Bobby Kennedy mark ?

The end of the Camelot Years

Who won the Democratic National Convention ?

VP Hubert Humphrey

Why did LBJ not run again ?

He was massively unpopular due to the Vietnam War

What happened outside the DNC ?

Protestors started camping outside of it

Who sent police to go after the protestors outside the DNC ?

Chicago Mayor Dick Daley

How did the delegates inside the DNC react to police attacking protestors ?

A fist fight broke out

What was the public response to the fiasco at the DNC ?

They saw the Democrats as erratic and massively unreliable

Who won the 1968 election ? Who lost ?

Richard M. Nixon

Hubert Humphrey

How did Nixon win ? Who did he gain the support of ?

By promising to restore law and order, and to end the war in Vietnam

Blue Collar workers

who was another candidate that the south liked ?

States Rights advocate George Wallace

Who did Nixon hire to undermine LBJ in Vietnam by telling them to wait until Nixon was president for a better deal ?

Anna Chennault “The Dragon Lady / Iron Butterfly”

How are Hippies different from Beatniks ?

Hippies wanted to save society, Beatniks wanted to save the self

What did the phrase “Peace and Love” mean ?

Peace = anti-war

Love = equal rights

What is the very first Hippie gathering / protest ? why did they do it ?

The Human Be-in

Because California banned the use of LSD

what is the MOST IMPORTANT Hippie event ?

The Summer of Love, a huge anti war protest that lasted all summer

who was a producer of Woodstock ?

Michael Lang

Where did Lang build Woodstock after being banned making it elsewhere ?

Max Yasgurs’ farm in Bethel, New York

Some bands around this time / that played at Woodstock ?

Jimi Hendrix, The Who, Grateful Dead, CCR

what was Woodstock about ?

Drugs, Sex, Music, anti-war, freedom

What did Hippies have an impact on ?

Education, and sex

What was freedom schooling ?

Teachers giving students more freedom to do what they wanted

what was the Sex Revolution ?

Women being more freely sexual

What did the Hippie movement bring with it ?

A Conservative Wave

What did Conservatives do to combat Hippies ?

Spread fake news, like saying teachers were putting kids in closets to “experiment”

what was the Me Lai Massacre ?

US Soldiers rounding up, and shooting as civilian fishing village for suspected help of NVA/VC

Who did the Me Lai Massacre ?

Lt. William Calley’s Charlie Company

What was the US Govt. response to the massacre ?

They tried to cover it up

What solider came home and told the story of the Me Lai Massacre ?

Hugh Thomphson

What social experiment was done to prove the soldiers were okay doing the Massacre ? what was the reasoning ?

The Milgram Experiment

That its not in a person to disobey a higher authority

how did Nixon promise we would exit Vietnam

with Peace and Honor

what was a way Nixon tried to get Vietnam to surrender ?

The Madman Theory - Nixon trying to convince N.Vietnam leadership he would drop nuke

What was the largest peace protest in American History ?

Moratorium on the Vietnam War

What did Nixon do to try and stop protests ?

Ended the Draft

what is Vietnamization ?

Removing ground troops so Vietnam forces fight eachother

what did we do along with Vietnamization ?

More bombing raids