Classical World - Rome - Unit Test (6.1 and 6.2)

Smith World Civ. Rome Test - 2025

Republic - V1

From 509-27 BC. The second era of the Roman Empire. The governing body was comprised of Consuls, a Senate, and an Assembly.

Senate - V1

Powerful governing advisory made of aristocrats and expirenced public servants.

Partician - V1

Old money and inherited power. Wealthy upper class.

Plebeian - V1

Poorer, working class citizens. 

Dictator - V1

In times of crisis, a dictator could be appointed leader. Had absolute power for six months. 

Legion - V1

Largest unit of the Roman legionary holding about 5000-6000 men.

Tribune - V1

Chosen officals, by plebians, who protected the rights of ordinary people and regulated unfair acts.

Consul - V1

Two officals who co-commanded the military and government. Served one year terms and couldn’t be relected until ten passed.

Punic Wars - V1

A series of three wars during the Roman Republic against Carthage. Lasted from 264-146 BC.

Hannibal - V1

The Carthginian military mastermind. Known for his elephant march through the Alps.

Civil War - V2

Conflict between two groups in the same country. Civil war followed the collapse of the Republic.

Julius Caesar - V2

A Roman military leader turned dictator. A member of the first triumvirate

Triumvirate (2) - V2

A group of three leaders. (ex. Octavian, Lepidus, and Mark Antony)

Augustus - V2

Orginally Octavian, Julius Caesar’s grandnephew, he ruled as the abosulte leader of Rome until his death. His reign was the beginning of Pax Romana.

Pax Romana - V2

“Roman Peace” A two-hundred year era of peace, prosperity, and renaissance.

Triumvirate (1) - V2

A group of three leaders. (ex. Julius Caesar, Crassus, and Pompey)

Rome’s Geography - SS1

7 hills built along the Tiber River.

The Orgins of Rome - SS1

Legend - Romulus and Remus found Rome.

IRL - Latins, Greeks, and Etruscans fight for Rome, Latins become the first true Romans.

Estruscans - V1

Skilled metalworkers and engineers. Influenced Rome heavily through architexture, language, and infrastructure.

Monarchy Rome - SS1

Seven kings ruled Rome from 753-509 BC. 

Twelve Tables - SS1

First Roman written law. Established that all free citizens had a right to the protection of the law.

Rome Conquers Italy - SS1

All Latins were granted citizenship while Estruscans and Greeks became allies. Rome didn’t interact with allies as long as they supplied the military and offered no treaties to other states.

War with Carthage - SS1

Carthage interferes with Rome’s trading networks and starts a three war series, the Punic Wars. Roman eventually wins and enslaves and conquers the rest of Anatolia. 

Caeser’s Reforms - SS2

1. Granted Roman citizenship to many people.

2. Expanded the senate.

3. Create new jobs and buildings for the lower class.

Beginning of the Empire - SS2

After Caser’s death, Octavian and two others rose to power starting the Empire. Ocatavian (Augustus) creates a sound government and begins Pax Romana. 

Roman World - SS2

The Romans vauled discipline, strength, and power over everything else. Slavery was widely used and was a large function in the economy. Roman social classes also had very little in common.