BIO Unit 5

Bio unit 5 all terms

Energy carrier

A molecule that can store and deliver usable energy.

ATP

adosine triphosphate, a small energy rich organic molecule that is used to store energy and to move it from one part of a cell to another.

ATP Synthase

the enzyme that assembles ATP

Metabolism

All of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism, related to functioning

cellular resperation

where glucose is broken down into usable energy

anabolism

metabolic pathways that create complex biomolecules from smaller organic compounds

catabolism

Metabolic pathways that release chemical energy in the process of breaking down complex biomolecules

light dependent reactions

first of 2 principle stages of photosynthesis. Chlorophyll molecules absorb energy from sunlight which turns into O2 and glucose.

light independent reactions

second of 2 principle stages of photosynthesis. a series of enzyme - catalyzed chemical reactions that convert CO2 into sugar using ATP, electrons, and hydrogen ions donated by NaDPH

Enzyme

the things that speed up chemical reactions in a living organism

ADP

Adosine Diphosphate Store energy, move energy with a cell

Anaerobic

lacking oxygen

Monomer

small molecule that makes up polymers

Polymer

large molecule made of monomers

photosynthesis

plant cell making food

Glycolysis

first stage of cellular resperation

breaks down glucose into 3 carbon compounds (pyruvate)

produces 2 ATP molecules

produces 2 NADH molecules

first evolved, dominant energy forming process for prokaryotes

yields small amounts of energy

anaerobic

Active site

location in enzyme where substrates bind

Induced fit

enzymes change shape when substrate binds to active site

substrate

molecule in a process - enzymatic processes

3 steps of cellular respiration

1. Glycolysis

2. Krebs Cycle

3. Oxidative phosphrylation

Krebs Cycle

second step of cellular respiration

breaks down pyruvate carbon

remaining chemical energy is released by removing bonds

ATP, NADH, FADH2

All carbon converts to CO2

oxidative phosphorylation

3rd step of cellular respiration

hydrogen removed from NADH, FADH turns into O2 through electron transport chain.

Aerobic

Organisms that require oxygen for respiration